62nd plenary session of the Conference of European Statisticians Seminar on migration statistics Session 2: “Methods to improve the measurement of migration” Session organisers: Rosstat and CIS-Stat Irina Zbarskaya CIS-Stat Paris, 10 April 2014

2 Contributions offered  Azerbaijan - “International migration statistics in Azerbaijan”;  Estonia and Finland - “Measuring cross border mobility between Estonia and Finland with mobile positioning datasets”;  Finland - “Improving emigration statistics in the future”;  Italy - “Integrating data for integrating migrants. A multisourse approach to migration statistics”;  Kyrgyzstan -”Migration statistics in Kyrgyzstan;  Mexico - “International migration in Mexico and its statistics”;  Norway - “Forecasting migration in official population projections using an econometric model”;  United Kingdom - “Improving local area estimates of international migration using administrative data”;  CIS-Stat - “Labour migration in the Commonwealth of Independent States region: challenges of and approaches to improving statistical information”;  Eurostat - “Filling the ’migration gaps’ – can research outcomes help us improve migration statistics?”

3 AZERBAIJAN State Migration Program has been approved Unique Migratory and Information System "one-stop-shop principle" (UMIS) Data exchange State Migration Service State Border Service State Statistical Committee Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry of Justice population censuses + sample surveys + currently data sources of migration + administrative data + creation of the population register Country paper

4 ESTONIA and FINLAND Cross border commuting using passive mobile positioning data Estonia Finland Various statistics to describe mobility:  number of visitors  number of visits  number of days  number of nights Visitors are divided: 1 day visitors 2 – 30 days visitors 31+ days visitors 183+ days visitors According to the common definition (WTO), a visitor who is staying in other country for 183 days or more is considered a foreign labourer Country paper

5 FINLAND Inter-Nordic agreement on population registration before now Migration document Information between Nordic authorities is transferred in electronic form How to improve emigration statistics in EU? One solution would be to issue international ID to all persons in EU The receiving countries could send this ID code to the country of departure Country paper

6 ITALY The goal - developing a systemic approach to studying migration ISTAT Sample surveys Ministry of Interior - statistics on residence permits Administrative data from the same source Administrative data from other sources Surveys + Administrative data micro-data towards integration Perspectives - migration within the Union: of EU citizens + of non-EU citizens European system for monitoring of migration flows “Governance of immigration on European level is only possible if based on shared definitions, metadata and figures” Country paper

KYRGYZSTAN Data sources:  population censuses  sample surveys socio-demographic and economic  currently data sources of migration characteristics of external and  administrative data internal migrants In future creation of the population register 7 Country paper

8 MEXICO International migration: a) the flow of Mexicans to the USA; b) the immigration of foreigners to Mexico; c) the transit of foreigners - mostly Central Americans – through Mexican territory to the USA; d) the voluntary and involuntary return of Mexican migrants to Mexico; е) the voluntary and involuntary return of Central Americans migrants to their countries of origin through and from Mexico; f) the cross-border labour flows between Guatemala and Mexico and with the USA. System of statistical tools and analysis of migration processes National Institute of National Institute of Center for U.S.Census Statistics and Geography Migration Migration Studies Bureau - Censuses; -Survey on Migration -Model to estimate -Current Population -Survey on Migration at the Nothern at the Nothern Border transit migration Survey Border of Mexico; of Mexico through Mexico -Аmerican -National Survey of Occupation Community Survey and Employment; -National Survey of Demographic Dynamics Country paper

9 NORWAY Forecasting gross immigration to Norway until 2100 Western countries Eastern EU members NORWAY Rest of the world Projected total immigration in the medium variant, including estimated prediction intervals Country paper

10 UNITED KINGDOM The Migration Statistics Improvement Programme “The new approach used administrative data sources to distribute the England and Wales immigration totals from the International Passenger Survey (IPS) directly to Local Authorities “ worker mapping each stream to the most ‘reason for migration’ relevant administrative sources IPS student which were used to distribute immigrants to each local authority other Data exchange Department for Work and Pensions Home Office ONS Department of Health Department of Business, Innovation and Skills Welsh Government Higher Education Statistics Agency Country paper

11 EUROSTAT and CIS-STAT papers: Cross-country comparisons gaps in mirror migration statistics. Reasons:  different definitions of ‘immigrants’ and ‘emigrants’,  different statistical coverage,  differences in the statistical treatment of temporary migrants,  lack of consistency in classifying migrants by country of origin/destination,  differences between countries in the data sources and methods of collection used. The number of immigrants from country A measured in destination country B can differ from the number of emigrants to country B measured in country of origin A. Improving national/original migration statistics population size and structure  What would be the status of information - statistics or estimates – in case of implementation of the data adjustment methods?  Would it be relevant to use this adjusted data only for inter-countries comparisons or this adjusted data can be used for the “internal” purposes? Single concept of “population” for international statistical purposes, including a common definition of “migration” and “labour migration” Migration statistics within of the economic or political associations IO paper

12 Conclusions  Diversity of migration flows and a high level of “latent” migration require compilation of information from statistical and administrative sources of data  Development of information technologies, including modern communications, creates new opportunities for migration measurement  Formation of economic and political unions of countries often reduces barriers for general and labour migration and thus influences migration statistics. Advantages of such unions do not reduce the problem of measuring migration, and new approaches to this problem solution are required  The ultimate accuracy in migration measurement demands maximum harmonisation of basic definitions related to population migration to address the need for comparative data across countries  Today the value of migration data is increasing in proceeding with population estimates and demographic forecasts

13 Questions to countries Azerbaijan  Have you made any estimation on the total number of labour emigrants and labour immigrants to the country? Estonia and Finland  Which key problems have been identified during implementation of mobile positioning data method for measuring cross border mobility between Estonia and Finland?  How these data correspond to the data on cross border mobility between these countries received from other sources of information? Finland  Which methods do you apply for evaluation of the quality of data on migration between the Nordic countries? Italy  Which security mechanisms are actually in use to secure privacy of personal data in population registers?  Which difficulties of legal nature have you identified while developing integrated system of information on migration based on multisource (administrative and statistical data) approach?

14 Questions to countries Kyrgyzstan Mexico  The report contained a lot of interesting information about the characteristics of labour migrants. Do you have information about what is the average duration of their work abroad?  Information on which migration flows should be improved regarding its comprehensiveness?  Have you compared the results of surveys being implemented by INEGI and Census Bureau? In the paper you have mentioned that the number of the Mexican migrants is underestimated by 12.5%. Is this figure a result of comparison of INEGI and Census Bureau surveys? Norway  How well does the model reflect existing tendencies in migration? Have you tested this model in retrospective review? If YES, please share the results of such a test. United Kingdom  What were the challenges in combining survey data and administrative data to create local authorities level estimates of international migration?  How does the developed model take into account the number of emigrants from the country?

15 Common questions  Combining administrative and statistical data enriches information on migration flows and migrants ' characteristics. What difficulties have you encountered combining data from these different sources?  Is it worth implementing methods of adjustment of national statistical data on migration when differences in mirror statistics between the “partner countries” are identified?  What would be the status of information - statistical data /estimation – in the event data adjustment methods were used? Would it be relevant to use this adjusted data only for inter-country comparison or could they be used for the purposes of official statistics in a given country?

Thank you 16