1. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A 12.06.2008 Conference of European Statisticians Session 1- The Demographic Impact of Migration Paris, 12 June 2008 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA Stephan Marik-Lebeck www.statistik.at

2. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 2 CONTENTS  Introduction  Definitions of duration for residents and migration  Methodological approaches in migration statistics  Data sources for migration statistics in EU-Member States  Measurement concepts of international migration in EU- Member States  Conclusion

3. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 3 Data sources and statistical procedures of migration statistics in EU Member States Moment of registration Statistical Processing Register-based Different sources for nationals and foreigners Annual estimate Ex-Ante (intended stay at registration, assessment of validity of permit) Unchanged Administrative data 4 ES, IT, LU, PL - 5 BG, EL, CY, MT, PT Statistical Adjustments --- Ex-Post (actual length of registration at given date, de- registration at expiry of permit) Unchanged Administrative data --- Statistical Adjustments 9 AT, BE, DK, EE, FI, LV, LT, NL, SE 6 CZ, DE, HU, SI, SK, RO 3 FR, IE, UK

4. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 4 Introduction  definitions for the measurement of migration flows and population stocks vary greatly among EU-Member States  differences mostly reflect national administrative procedures  different rules for nationals, EEA citizens and third-country nationals  reflect distinct legal situation  Length of validity of permits determines timing applied to migration statistics for third-country nationals and to a lesser degree also EEA citizens  while for the immigration of non-nationals most MS use a timing of twelve months, nationals are often are registered instantly.  The situation for emigration is not exactly symmetric.  many Member States opt for an absence of twelve months minimum to count a person as an emigrant.

5. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 5 EU countries define different time-spans to count migration flows  UN recommendations (1998) on the measurement of migration distinguish three main categories:  Long-term migrants (actual / intended) length of stay > 12 months  Short-term migrants (actual / intended) length of stay 3-12 months  Temporary stayers (actual / intended) length of stay < 3 months  For purposes of migration statistics the recording of the first two categories is recommended  but focus on long-term migrants Methodological approaches in migration statistics

6. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 6  Migration statistics in EU-Member States available through two main sources:  surveys (e.g. LFS; International Passenger Survey,…) or  administrative registration systems.  2/3 of EU-Member States have already implemented registration systems, but use them in very diverse ways Intended length of stay Actual length of stay between registration and de-registration Statistical Adjustments unchanged administrative Data DATA SOURCES FOR MIGRATION MEASUREMENT IN EU-COUNTRIES

7. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 7 Three Months (= including Short-Term-Migration): + Concordance with legal framework  free movement of EU citizens limited to three months w/o obligation to register  Validity of tourism visas to EU limited to 90 days Persons staying longer need to register / residence permit + Greater Timeliness and more rapid Availability of Data Less need for estimations to comply with EU regulation ± Limited impact of Short-Term-migration in relation to Long-Term-Migration BUT large difference in migration flows (AT ~ 30%) through increase of circular / seasonal migration, i.e. since 2004 EU enlargement - Currently no consistency with administrative systems in majority of countries BUT gradual harmonisation of legal framework might increase consistency ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TIME SPANS FOR MEASURING MIGRATION

8. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 8  limited comparability of migration statistics between countries  difficulty of determining migration flows between EU-countries  In addition, this may well contrast with definitions for measurement of population stocks  little harmonisation of migration flows and population stocks  difficulty in creating a consistent population accounting system  in which the population change between two dates of reference can be unambiguously explained through demographic components (births  deaths, immigration  emigration) CURRENT PREFERENCES OF MIGRATION MEASUREMENT IN EU-COUNTRIES

9. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 9 International Migration in Austria 2003-2006 by different time spans Austria immigrationemigrationmigration balance 200320042005200620032004200520062003200420052006 national definition (>90 days) 113. 554 127. 399 117. 822 100. 972 77. 257 76. 817 68. 650 73. 495 36. 297 50. 582 49. 172 27. 477 Long-Term Migration (<365 days) 86. 276 97. 812 88. 477 73. 884 53. 522 52. 026 45. 579 50. 640 32. 754 45. 786 42. 898 23,24 4 in % of national definition 76,076,875,173,269,367,766,468,990,290,587,284,6

10. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 10 International Migration in Austria 2003/2006 by different time spans

11. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 11 Problems related to the proposals of the EU- regulation  Statistics according to national definitions may differ significantly from those according to the EU-regulation  national statistics are usually based on administrative systems whose legal base is not designed to the needs of statistics and cannot easily be adjusted for coherence with the regulation  publication of two different figures on international migration likely  no consideration of short-term migration  Focus on long-term migration brings about methodological difficulties for the allocation of the population on regional level  esp. for multiple internal migrations during reference year OPEN POINTS

12. S T A T I S T I C S A U S T R I A SSED Montréal, 6-8 Dec 2007 How should we count? Methodological debates - Session 3.1 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union CES Paris, 12 June 2008 Session 1 The Demographic Impact of Migration 12.06.2008 12 Social Statistics and Ethnic Diversity Should we count, how should we count and why? Montréal 6-8 December 2007 Migration statistics: conceptualisation and measurement in the European Union Submitted by STATISTICS AUSTRIA Stephan Marik-Lebeck www.statistik.at