MOOD Indicative (Interrogative) Imperative, and Subjunctive (Conditional)

What is mood? GENERAL DEFINITION LITERARY DEFINITION How you are feeling at a given time LITERARY DEFINITION The reader’s emotional response The atmosphere of a story GRAMMATICAL DEFINITION The form the verb takes to indicate the attitude of the speaker/writer using the verb

All Verbs have 3 characteristics: Tense, Voice, Mood TENSE – shows time (past, present, future) and action (simple, progressive, perfect) VOICE – shows who’s doing an action or having action done to them MOOD – shows attitude (telling a fact, giving a command, expressing a wish)

Indicative Mood Express a fact or opinion (a reality) Most verbs we use are in the indicative mood. It is 84 degrees in here. I think I am going to pass out. Her grandpa collects empty shampoo bottles. Write one sentence in indicative mood.

Indicative Mood (Interrogative) This is a subset of the indicative mood. It is used to ask a question. Do you have any notebook paper left? Who ate the last piece of pie? Why do we have to know this? Write a sentence in the interrogative mood.

Imperative Mood Direct command or request Show me the money. Now give me the money. Don’t call the police. Write one sentence in IMPERATIVE mood.

Subjunctive Mood There are two ways to use the subjunctive. 1. To express an untrue condition, or a wish or desire. If I were a billionaire, I would end world hunger. If they were nicer, they would have more friends. I wish you were here. It frequently follows the word “if” in the dependent clause and is ALWAYS expressed as “were” in the past no matter what the subject is. SUBJUNCTIVE: To express a suggestion, a necessity, or an indirect command/order

Subjunctive 2. The second way to use the subjunctive is to indicate a formal request, demand, requirement or order. My mother insists that I be home by 9:00. I demand that he leave immediately. Father requires that she eat her vegetables. The verb in the dependent clause is in the subjunctive. If it sounds unnatural imagine that verb has the word MUST in front of it.

The presence of the one of the following verbs in the independent clause may indicate that you should use the subjunctive mood in the dependent clause. ask, demand, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest, and wish.

What does the subjunctive mood look like? Subjunctive indicating a requirement: The teacher recommended that I be in her class. I recommend that you be on time the rest of the year. The judge suggested that we be given first prize.

Subjunctive continued I demand that he do the assignment. Her mom insisted that she not play tomorrow night. I insist that Michael come early. I strongly suggest that he cooperate with the police.

SUBJUNCTIVE indicating a wish or something contrary to reality. I wish you were in my English class. I wish Ms. Ortega weren’t so awesome. If I were Ms. Baker, I wouldn’t do that. Write one using each form of the subjunctive.

What mood? Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive? Maria translates articles into Spanish. I wish Ms. Hurt were here. Bring me the towels. I suggest that you be quiet now. Please be quiet. Coach Black asked that each player practice twice each day. Coach Hooley wishes the rugby team were more motivated. Ind 2. sub 3. imp 4. sub 5. imp 6. sub 7. sub

Closely related to the subjunctive mood is the conditional. WOULD SHOULD COULD MIGHT These auxiliary verbs are frequently used in the independent clause following a dependent clause using “If” and the subjunctive. If it were sunny, we could have our picnic. There is usually a condition expressed in the sentence. I might go if she agrees to stay away.