The World of Islam Chapter 6

The Rise of Islam Chapter 6-1

The Arabs Arabian Peninsula: a desert land sorely lacking in rivers and lakes Arabs are nomadic people in an hostile environment Broken up into tribes Ruled by a Sheikh: leader chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders Farmers and Sheepherders Used camel for Caravan Trade Carriers of major trade from the Indian Ocean Polytheistic Believed in one supreme god Allah Worshiped Black Stone: meteorite placed in Makkah(Mecca)

Geography Skill Builder Open to page 189 Look at the map Answer questions 1 and 2 in your notes

The Life of Muhammad Muhammad: Islamic prophet who received revelations from God Angel Gabriel will reach out to him Allah reveled himself through Moses and Jesus Jewish and Christian Traditions Final revelation given to Muhammad Founded the Islamic Religion Quran: holy book of the Islamic faith Ethical guidelines and laws Islam: “peace through submission to the will of Allah People who follow Islam are called Muslims

Conflict at Mecca Supporters of Islam leave Mecca 622 C.E.=1st day of Islamic Calendar Muslims relocated to Medina: “City of the Prophet” Hijrah: Journey to Medina 630 C.E. Muhammad attacked Mecca Hajj: All Muslims encouraged to make a pilgrimage to Mecca

The Teaching of Muhammad Monotheistic religion Muhammad considered a man who was a prophet Five Pillars of Islam: acts of worship belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage Lead to eternal life Shari’ah: law code to live by which regulates family, business, government, and moral conduct.

Chart Skills Open to page 190 Fill out the graphic organizer Answer the question which relates.

The Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6-2

Creation of an Arab Empire After Muhammad’s death he left no spiritual/political leader for the Islamic community Abu Bakr: a wealthy merchant and Muhammad’s father-in-law, chosen to be leader of the community Caliph: the religious and political successor to Muhammad. 632 C.E Bakr named this Arab Conquest Jihad: “struggle in the way of God.” Quran permits fair, defensive warfare Military leaders expand the empire Arab Rule Relatively tolerant Christians and Jews can practice faith with restrictions “People of the Book” Had to accept Muslim rule Had to pay a special tax.

The Umayyads Mu’awiyah (moo UH wee uh): General who governed Syria who became the next Caliph in 661 C.E. Founded the Umayyad Dynasty Moved capital from Medina to Damascus Umayyad Conquests Begins to take over Spain in 710 C.E. 725 C.E most of Spain under Islamic control Cordoba is capital Battle of Tours: In 732 C.E. Islamic forces halted in France at Tours Split in Islam Shia Sunni Both groups divided the Muslim world

Turning Point This is what you will use for all your homework this evening. Open to page 195 Read the Excerpt Why was this battle a turning point in History? What would have happened if the results were different?

Geography Skills On page 195 Look at the map Answer the two questions which pertain to the map

People in World History Divide the reading between all members of your group Answer the 3 discussion questions at the end on a separate sheet of paper. This is what you will use for all your homework this evening.

Mapping History Distant Outposts Using the information on the map answer all questions on the paper used for the previous activity

The Abbasid Dynasty Umayyad Dynasty growing unfavorable Abbasid Rule Abu al-Abbas: over throws dynasty in 750 C.E and established the Abbasid Dynasty-lasted until 1258 C.E. Abbasid Rule Baghdad: newly created capital along Tigris river Judges, merchants, and government officials seen as heroes All Muslims can become important officials regardless of ethic background Harun al-Rashid: ruled during the golden age of the Abbasid Caliphate known for charity, support of artist and writers. Also astronomy flourished. Translated Greek works Trade flourishes Bureucracy becomes more complex Vizier: council headed by a prime minister meets to discuss issues, Caliph will listen and whisper his orders

Geography Skills Open to page 197 Look at the map Answer the questions which relate to the map

Seljuk Turks Abbasid empire fragmenting Fatimid Dynasty: established in Egypt Hired non-native soldiers Seljuk Turks: nomadic people from central Asia Growing power Captured Baghdad new title given to leader Sultan: “Holder of power” Comes into conflict with the Byzantine Empire

The Crusades Alexius I: Byzantine Emperor asks Christian states of the West for assistance against the Turks 1096 C.E: First Crusade Europeans take control of Palestine Saladin: 1169 emerges as Islamic leader against crusaders 1187: invades the Kingdom of Jerusalem Does not allow a massacre Allows Christian Religious practiced to continue Little lasting impact on region Except breed centuries of mistrust between Christians and Muslims

The Mongols Mongols: pastoral nomads who began a reign of terror across much of the Eurasian continents Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Hulegu (Hoo-Lay-Goo): seized control of Baghdad, extreme hatred of Islam Destroyed schools, libraries, and Mosques: Muslim houses of worship Killed a million Muslims, and members of the Abbasid Dynasty

Linking Past and Present Using the Worksheet Read and Answer all questions regarding the document Create a T chart which relates to the government styles then and now

Opposing View Points How Did the Arab Empire Succeed? Open to page 198 Create a Venn Diagram of SOURCE ONE and SOURCE TWO Compare and Contrast these two sources. How are they similar? How are they different? Answer the two questions which relate

Islamic Civilization 6-3

Graphic Organizer 6.3 Read and answer all questions which relate