Technologies for adaptation to climate change: How to make them work?

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Presentation transcript:

Technologies for adaptation to climate change: How to make them work? UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Technologies for adaptation to climate change: How to make them work? Richard J.T. Klein Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden

Outline Background The process of adapting to climate change UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Outline Background The process of adapting to climate change Examples of technologies for adaptation Lessons learnt

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Background EGTT’s programme of work for 2004 included an action aimed at encouraging the development of environmentally sound technologies, in particular technologies for adaptation to climate change. A scoping paper was prepared by the EGTT chair. The decision to initiate a programme of work on adaptation (1/CP.10) emphasises technology transfer for adaptation on an urgent basis in priority sectors.

Mandate SBSTA-20 requested the Secretariat to: UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Mandate SBSTA-20 requested the Secretariat to: Organise a seminar on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies for adaptation to climate change, Prepare a technical paper on the applications of of ESTs for adaptation to climate change. The seminar took place in Tobago in June 2005. A background paper was prepared as input and as a starting point for the technical paper.

Scope The technical paper aimed to provide an overview of: UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Scope The technical paper aimed to provide an overview of: Current knowledge and understanding of adaptation, A framework for assessing technologies for adaptation, The process of technology development and transfer as relevant to adaptation, Examples and case studies of important technologies for adaptation, A discussion of implications for climate policy.

Examples of technologies for adaptation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Examples of technologies for adaptation

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Technology “A piece of equipment, technique, practical knowledge or skills for performing a particular activity”. (IPCC SRTT, 2000)

The process of adaptation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 The process of adaptation Climate variability Other stresses Existing management practices Climate change Impacts Mitigation Response Information, Awareness Planning, Design Implemen- tation Monitoring, Evaluation Adaptation Development objectives Policy criteria

Technologies for adaptation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Technologies for adaptation Society has a long history of coping with and preparing for climate variability and extreme weather events. Many technologies can therefore be considered technologies for adaptation. Not everybody has knowledge of or access to these technologies. Existing technologies vary from hard to soft, from simple to highly complex, from inexpensive to unaffordable, and from locally available to requiring international technology transfer.

Barriers to implementation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Barriers to implementation Implicit in much of the discussions and negotiations to date is the assumption that there are no constraints on implementing the adaptation options identified. Institutions and mechanisms need to be in place and technological, human and other resources need to be available to collect information, raise awareness, plan and design adaptation options, and monitor their performance. Successful implementation of technologies relies on the presence of an enabling environment.

The process of adaptation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 The process of adaptation Technologies to implement adaptation Technologies to facilitate implementation Climate variability Other stresses Existing management practices Climate change Impacts Mitigation Response Information, Awareness Planning, Design Implemen- tation Monitoring, Evaluation Adaptation Development objectives Policy criteria

Information and awareness UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Information and awareness Coastal system description (maps, tide gauges, buoys, remote sensing, surveys). Climate impact and coastal hazard assessment (scenarios, models, place-based analysis, analogues). Awareness raising (printed information, audio-visual media, interactive tools).

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Planning and design Simulation tools (sediment budget models, economic models). Decision tools (cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, multi-criteria analysis). Integration tools and frameworks (e.g., APF, NAPAs). Cross-cutting technology: geographical information systems.

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Implementation Protect: decrease probability of occurrence (e.g., dikes, seawalls, beach nourishment). Retreat: limit potential effects (e.g., establishing set-back zones, relocating threatened buildings). Accommodate: increase society’s ability to cope with the effects (e.g., emergency plans, insurance, modification of land use and agricultural practices).

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008

Monitoring and evaluation UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Monitoring and evaluation Similar technologies as for coastal system description, in combination with an evaluation framework (requires development and agreement on indicators and criteria).

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Lessons learnt (1) Adaptation is a process that comprises more than the implementation of some hardware; it also explicitly includes facilitating this implementation and considering soft technologies. The process of adaptation begins and ends with information development. Successful adaptation involves action by a range of stakeholders operating from local to global scales. Technology application and transfer is relevant on each scale.

UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Lessons learnt (2) Many potentially very effective technologies for adaptation to climate change are simple, inexpensive and locally available. R&D is still required to improve the efficiency and cost- effectiveness of existing technologies, as well as to develop new technological solutions. Technology can be very important in reducing vulnerability to climate change, but it can also introduce new risks. Moreover, its effectiveness depends on the economic, institutional, legal and socio-cultural contexts.

Thank you very much for your attention. UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Technologies for Adaptation to Climate Change, Bangkok, Thailand, 5 April 2008 Thank you very much for your attention. richard.klein@sei.se