© Innovators1 POWER ELECTRONICS

Utility systems Application High-voltage Dc Transmission (HVDC)High-voltage Dc Transmission (HVDC) Static VAR Compensation (SVC)Static VAR Compensation (SVC) Supplemental Energy Sources (wind,Supplemental Energy Sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells High-voltage Dc Transmission (HVDC)High-voltage Dc Transmission (HVDC) Static VAR Compensation (SVC)Static VAR Compensation (SVC) Supplemental Energy Sources (wind,Supplemental Energy Sources (wind, photovoltaic), fuel cells Energy Storage SystemsEnergy Storage Systems Induced-draft fans and boilerInduced-draft fans and boiler Feed Water PumpsFeed Water Pumps Energy Storage SystemsEnergy Storage Systems Induced-draft fans and boilerInduced-draft fans and boiler Feed Water PumpsFeed Water Pumps © Innovators2

Utility systems Aerospace Application Space shuttle power supply systemsSpace shuttle power supply systems Satellite power systemsSatellite power systems Aircraft power systemsAircraft power systems Space shuttle power supply systemsSpace shuttle power supply systems Satellite power systemsSatellite power systems Aircraft power systemsAircraft power systems Application © Innovators3

Utility systems Aerospace Industrial Application PumpsPumps CompressorsCompressors Blowers and fansBlowers and fans Machine tools (robots)Machine tools (robots) WeldingWelding PumpsPumps CompressorsCompressors Blowers and fansBlowers and fans Machine tools (robots)Machine tools (robots) WeldingWelding Arc furnaces, induction furnacesArc furnaces, induction furnaces LightingLighting Industrial lasersIndustrial lasers Induction heatingInduction heating Arc furnaces, induction furnacesArc furnaces, induction furnaces LightingLighting Industrial lasersIndustrial lasers Induction heatingInduction heating Application © Innovators4

Utility systems Aerospace Industrial Commercial Application Computers and office equipmentComputers and office equipment Uninterruptible power suppliesUninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)(UPSs) ElevatorsElevators Computers and office equipmentComputers and office equipment Uninterruptible power suppliesUninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)(UPSs) ElevatorsElevators Heating, ventilating, and air conditioningHeating, ventilating, and air conditioning Central refrigerationCentral refrigeration LightingLighting Heating, ventilating, and air conditioningHeating, ventilating, and air conditioning Central refrigerationCentral refrigeration LightingLighting © Innovators5

Utility systems Aerospace Industrial Commercial Residential Application Refrigeration and freezersRefrigeration and freezers Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment)Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment) Refrigeration and freezersRefrigeration and freezers Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment)Electronics (personal computers, other entertainment equipment) Space heatingSpace heating Air conditioningAir conditioning CookingCooking LightingLighting Space heatingSpace heating Air conditioningAir conditioning CookingCooking LightingLighting © Innovators6

Utility systems Aerospace Industrial Commercial Residential Transportation Application Traction controlTraction control Battery chargersBattery chargers Automotive electronics including engine controlsAutomotive electronics including engine controls Traction controlTraction control Battery chargersBattery chargers Automotive electronics including engine controlsAutomotive electronics including engine controls Electric LocomotivesElectric Locomotives Street CarsStreet Cars Trolley BusesTrolley Buses SubwaysSubways Electric LocomotivesElectric Locomotives Street CarsStreet Cars Trolley BusesTrolley Buses SubwaysSubways © Innovators7

Utility systems Aerospace Industrial Commercial Residential Transportation Tele- communication Battery ChargersBattery Chargers Power Supplies (dc and UPS)Power Supplies (dc and UPS) Battery ChargersBattery Chargers Power Supplies (dc and UPS)Power Supplies (dc and UPS) Application © Innovators8

Power Transmission Aerospace Industrial Commercial Residential Transportation Tele- communication Renewables SolarSolar WindWind Hybrid Power PlantHybrid Power Plant SolarSolar WindWind Hybrid Power PlantHybrid Power Plant Application © Innovators9

Note: In modem power electronics apparatus, two types of semiconductor elements used:  Power semiconductors ……..the muscle of the equipment and its operation are in digital/ analog nature  Microelectronic control chips …. provide the control and its operation are in digital nature. One manipulates large power up to mega or gigawatts, the other handles power only on the order of microwatts to milliwatts. Note: In modem power electronics apparatus, two types of semiconductor elements used:  Power semiconductors ……..the muscle of the equipment and its operation are in digital/ analog nature  Microelectronic control chips …. provide the control and its operation are in digital nature. One manipulates large power up to mega or gigawatts, the other handles power only on the order of microwatts to milliwatts. © Innovators10

Power Electronics Interface Load POWER OUTPUT (Adjustable) v o, i o v i, i i POWER INPUT( Fixed) Source Feedback Signal Reference Signal Gate Control Signal Representation of Power Electronic System © Innovators11

Types of Power Electronics Circuit © Innovators12

The goal of power electronics is Highest Efficiency Smallest Size Highest Reliability LowestCost Lowest Cost LeastWeight Least Weight © Innovators Note: Power Electronics is the art of converting electrical energy from one form to another in an efficient, clean, compact, and robust manner for convenient utilisation Power Electronics is the art of converting electrical energy from one form to another in an efficient, clean, compact, and robust manner for convenient utilisation. Note: Power Electronics is the art of converting electrical energy from one form to another in an efficient, clean, compact, and robust manner for convenient utilisation Power Electronics is the art of converting electrical energy from one form to another in an efficient, clean, compact, and robust manner for convenient utilisation. The goal of power electronics is to control the flow of energy from an electrical source to an electrical load with 13

<19 th Century Only way to convent AC into DC is Rotary Convertor. © Innovators14

1902 Percy C. Hewitt demonstrate first mercury arc rectifier. <19 th Century © Innovators15

1902 <19 th Century This mercury arc rectifier are well used in electrical power utility up to 1970s. And after all finally replaced by Static semiconductor devices. © Innovators16

1902 <19 th Century Semiconductor revolution start in 1947 with the invention of first bipolar point-contact transistor at Bell Labs © Innovators17

1902 <19 th Century In 1948 Shockley's invention of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) improved the stability and performance of transistors, and reduced costs © Innovators18

1902 <19 th Century By the 1950s, higher power semiconductor diodes became available and started replacing Mercury arc rectifier © Innovators19

1902 <19 th Century In 1956 the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) was introduced by General Electric, greatly increasing the range of power electronics applications © Innovators20

1902 <19 th Century In 1958 second electronics revolution start by commercial use of SCR (Thyristor) by General Electrical © Innovators21

1902 <19 th Century Many different types of power electronics devices and conversion technics are developed 19…. © Innovators22

The History of the Power Electronics Power Diode, Invention of Thyristor Power Diode, Invention of Thyristor Mercury arc rectifier, Vacuum Tube Mercury arc rectifier, Vacuum Tube Bipolar point- contact Transistor First MOSFET comes in commercial market GTO, IGBT, Microprocessor, MCT GTO, IGBT, Microprocessor, MCT Smart Power Technology not only control but alos protect the system © Innovators23

Based on family Based on controllability Based on Terminals and Charge carrier Classification of Power Electronic Devices © Innovators24

I am the motivation behind each and every power electronics innovation, Because I am ideal. I am the motivation behind each and every power electronics innovation, Because I am ideal. © Innovators25

A K G Ideal Means: Case 1: When I am in OFF State I have following characteristics  Resistance== Very High  Voltage Blocking Capacity == Very High  Leakage Current=== Almost Zero.  Power Loss ==By Default 0 © Innovators26

A K G Ideal Means: Case 1: When I am in OFF State I have following characteristics  Voltage Blocking Capacity == Very High  Leakage Current=== Almost Zero.  Resistance== Very High  Power Loss ==By Default 0 © Innovators27

A K G Case 2: When I am in ON State I have following characteristics  Current carrying Capacity == Very High  Voltage Drop=== Almost Zero.  Resistance== Almost Zero.  Power Loss ==Very Low © Innovators28

A K G Case 3: Case 3: During Turn ON & OFF I have following characteristics  Immediate Turn ON and OFF  Low Delay time  Low Rise Time © Innovators29

A K G © Innovators30

Device Type Device Continuous Gate Pulse Gate Controlled Turn ON Controlled Turn OFF Unipolar Voltage Bipolar Voltage Unidirectional Current Bidirectional Current DiodePower Diode Transistors BJT MOSFET IGBT SIT Thyristors SCR TRIAC GTO IGCT SITH MCT © Innovators31

© Innovators32

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