1. There are four symbols that every competent EE must be able to manipulate with Consummate Skill: e j  $ Energy = $ Power = “Cash Flow” =

2. Energy Source Load Utility Batteries Photo Voltaic APU Digital Equipment DC Subsystems DC Lighting AC Lighting AC Motors DC Motors Heating/Cooling RF Transmission Power Converter Controller

3. Power Sources Utility: 60 Hz - 120/240 V - 1,2,3 Phase Fixed Voltage Batteries Fuel Cells Photo Voltaic Thermionic Generators AC generators (“Alternators”) – variable frequency DC Generators

4. Electrical Consumption AC motors – sync/async DC Motors Residential Heating/Cooling Lighting AC/DC High frequency Induction Heating HF Electronic Systems – Fixed Voltage DC Transmission Losses Conversion Losses

5. Replacement of Legacy Technologies Automotive (Electric Vehicle Propulsion) Hydraulic controls (Fly by wire) Tele - commuting, tele - presence Beam Weapons Unmanned Aircraft

6. Critical Converter Parameters Efficiency Weight Size/Volume Power handling Capacity Power Density Cost

7. Definitions Efficiency: Power Density How efficiently can you remove wasted heat from the package so that it does not overheat?

8. Example Your trusty mechanical engineer has designed a cooling scheme that will allow a package having a volume of 0.027 m 3 to dissipate 150 watts and keep the interior components below 55C. Determine the power output capability and power density if your electrical design exhibits efficiencies of 80% and 90%. 80% 90%