COLONIAL NEW YORK

DUKES OF YORK, PAST & PRESENT DUKE OF YORK (1600S), JAMES II CURRENT DUKE OF YORK PRINCE ANDREW

‘ELLO GOVERNOR! In 1664 the Duke of York appoints Richard Nicolls as the first governor or New York Governor – the leader of a colony or state Governor Nicolls said that all Dutch colonists choosing to stay in the English colony had to promise to be loyal to the king of England In 1683 there is a new governor, Thomas Dongan

YOU’D BETTER REPRESENT! Thomas Dongan met with the colony’s representatives Representatives were people chosen by a group and given power to make decisions for the group What are some adjectives that describe an ideal representative for your class?

LET’S ASSEMBLE Together, all the representatives formed the first New York Assembly, this was the colony’s legislature, or lawmaking group The assembly wrote a plan of government for the colony. It gave colonists more rights and greater religious freedom Was the plan a good one?

NO MORE ROOM Under English control, the population of the colony increased In New York City the population grew so fast that by the 1700s the city had more families than houses!

In 1685 thousands of Huguenots, French Protestants, left France for religious freedom They settled in New York, near New Rochelle and New Paltz

New Paltz New Rochelle

They settled in New York, hoping to find land to farm, near the Hudson River valley and started settlements such as Germantown and Rhinebeck They also helped build towns in the Mohawk River valley. These towns included German Flats and Schoharie In the early 1700s many families left Germany because of war and a lack of jobs there

Germantown Rhinebeck Schoharie & German Flats

Free and enslaved Africans came to New York as well…more than 6,000 of them by 1723! Free OR enslaved, however, Africans had fewer rights under English rule than under the Dutch English laws made it very difficult for slaves to earn freedom

SLAVERY MOVES UP THE HUDSON Slaves rarely lived with their own families because slave owners often sold away children, mothers, fathers, and other relatives Jupiter Hammon was a slave on a Long Island farm. Unlike most slaves, Hammon was given the chance to learn to read and write. He became the first African American poet to have his work published

JUPITER HAMMON The first known African American to publish literature, Hammon was a lifelong slave of the Lloyd family on Long Island Hammon was allowed to attend school and was a fervent Christian, as were the Lloyds. His first published poem was written on Christmas Day, 1760: An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries “Salvation comes by Jesus Christ alone, The only Son of God; Redemption now to every one, That love his holy Word. Dear Jesus we would fly to Thee, And leave off every Sin, Thy Tender Mercy well agree; Salvation from our King…”

LIVING IN COLONIAL NY INDUSTRY LIFE A BLACKSMITH. ECONOMY-the way people use resources to meet their needs An industry includes all the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service. Examples: Ironworks, lumber Philip Livingston began the first ironworks industry in the 1740s (nails, ships, houses, tools) What name would you give this kind of ironworks industry worker?

LIVING IN COLONIAL NY TOWN LIFE In 1749 more than 13,000 people lived in New York City Culture groups included Jews, Dutch, French, British, Germans, and free and enslaved Africans Each group lived in its own neighborhood with its own places of worship and schools Most children went to school for 3 years before becoming an apprentice to learn the trade of the family business AN APPRENTICE WORKED WITH A CRAFTSPERSON FOR 3 YEARS TO LEARN A TRADE. What did an apprentice do?

LIVING IN COLONIAL NY FARM LIFE While many people worked in the different industries, most people made their living from farming Farms lined the Hudson River between Albany and New York City Farms did not change much with English control Most farms were small in NY, but some large ones called manors covered thousands of acres! Sometimes manors were too large for the farm owner to take care of so they would hire tenant farmers. Theses farmers farmed the land owned by someone else. They would pay rent to the farm owner to use his land, but he would be able to keep and crops or livestock that he cared for or grew THERE IS MORE FERTILE LAND NEAR WATER. Why do you think that farms lined the rivers?

Thank you for your attention today.