IMPERSONAL PASSIVE SENTENCES

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Presentation transcript:

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE SENTENCES I heard that… IMPERSONAL PASSIVE SENTENCES THAT CLAUSE TO INFINITIVE CLAUSE

Reporting using passive voice Sometimes we have to report events, opinions or comments that we don’t assume as our own. So we introduce those statements with: People say that… Everybody knows that… They believed that… Another common way is to use the passive voice… It is said that… It is known that… It was believed that…

Impersonal passives it + passive verb ( be+ past participle)+ that clause: Everyone says that the PM is about to resign. It is said that the prime minister is about to resign. They have admitted that lack of funding is the real problem. It has been admitted that lack of funding is the real problem. Experts expected that the unemployment figures would rise in October. It was expected that unemployment figures would rise in October.

OTHER VERBS Other verbs that can be used in this pattern include: allege / announce / assume / believe/ calculate / claim / consider / declare / discover/estimate / expect / feel / find / know/ mention / propose / recommend / rumour / say/ show / suppose / think / understand

TO INFINITIVE IMPERSONAL PASSIVES An alternative is: the subject of the main sentence + passive verb + to-infinitive. It is claimed that the terrorist is living abroad. The terrorist is claimed to be living abroad. It is alleged that 300 people died in the plane crash Three hundred people are alleged to have died in the plane crash.

A few more examples It is thought that he stole over a million pounds. He is thought to have stolen over a million pounds. It was reported that he was killed in a fire. He was reported to have been killed in a fire. It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow or The strike is expected to begin tomorrow.

Summing up verb changes action in the present or future  infinitive (to go) action in the past  perfect infinitive (to have gone)

THERE + BE IN THE PASSIVE VOICE When a that-clause begins that + there, we can make a passive form: there + passive verb + to be. Compare: It is thought (that) there are too many obstacles to peace or There are thought to be too many obstacles to peace. It was alleged (that) there had been an explosion or There was alleged to have been an explosion.

Your turn They think that he earns a lot of money. Visitors say that these museums have wonderful exhibits. Experts suppose that this jewellery belonged to Cleopatra. Journalists reported that many people had been injured in the earthquake.