Homework Bell Ringer What was the title of the character Jafar in the Disney production of Aladdin?

The Muslim Empires “The Gunpowder Empires” 1450-1800

Reminders of the Early Islamic Empires Religion created by Prophet Muhammad in 622 AD. After death – succession issue – two sects of Islam – Sunni and Shiite created Early Empires spread Islam through jihads across North Africa into southern Europe

©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Abbasid borders threatened in East – hire Seljuks to protect them (oops) ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Crusades – start 1095

Rise of the Ottoman Turks Late 13th century: Northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula Expanded westward and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles By 14th century, expanded into Balkans

Rise of the Ottoman Turks Ottoman rulers claim the title of sultan Began to build a strong military with elite guards called janissaries + Knowledge of firearms and mastering of technology = Begin to spread Ottoman control in the Balkans

Expansion of the Empire The Fall of Constantinople 1453 - Fall of Byzantine Empire New Ottoman Capital at Constantinople (later named Istanbul)

Expansion of the Empire Western Asia and Africa 1514-1517: Sultan Selim I took control of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Arabia Declared himself the new caliph (defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad) Administered regions through local rulers: pashas were appointed to collect taxes, maintain law, and be responsible to the sultan’s court

Suleyman I “The Magnificent” 1520 Europe Conquered most of Hungary, moved into Austria, and advanced as far as Vienna, where they were finally defeated in 1529 Extended power into Mediterranean until defeat by the Spanish Philip II at the Battle of Lepanto (1571)

The Nature of Ottoman Rule Head of Empire: Sultan supreme authority in both a political and military sense Position was hereditary Elite guard: janissaries

The Nature of Ottoman Rule Istanbul was center of power Administrative purposes Private residence harem (sacred place) Controlled bureaucracy through an imperial council Chief minister: grand vizier Empire was divided into provinces and districts, each governed by officials Where have I heard of the term “vizier” before? hmm

Ottoman Society Sultan Ruling Class Merchants Artisans Peasants Pastoral People

Ottoman Women Subject to same restrictions as women in other Muslim societies Harem Position was somewhat better More tolerant in defining legal position of women Allowed to own and inherit property Could not be forced into marriage Certain cases, permitted a divorce Could gain considerable power within the palace

Problems in the Ottoman Empire 1490s – Explorers were trying to cut the Ottomans out of global trade. Beginning of 1600s: internal disintegration Sultans less involved in government = allowed ministers to exercise more power Central bureaucracy lost links with rural areas = corruption and taxes rose Constant wars = depleted treasury Westernization 1699: began to lose territory

Ottoman Art Greatest contribution: Architecture Mosques Flourishing of textiles and rugs

Decline of Ottoman Empire Sick Man Of Europe

Jan. 2015 Which statement best describes an effect of the westward expansion of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent? (1) Wealthy citizens adopted Russian dress. (2) Islam became a major religion in the Balkans. (3) Trade was disrupted throughout the Indian Ocean. (4) Janissaries were stripped of their military power.

Aug 2014 Which geographic region made up much of the Ottoman Empire? (1) Scandinavia (2) Iberian Peninsula (3) Indian Subcontinent (4) eastern Mediterranean Basin