PUNTO ENERGIA Experience in Implementing and installing co-generation and energy- saving schemes Eng. Michele Vio President of AICARR Eng. Luca A. Piterà Technical Secretary - AICARR 2013 October 24 – CERN – Genève

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR 2 AGENDA Elettra and Fermi Lightsources Trigeneration Systems Absorption Chillers Energy Supply Conclusion

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR ELETTRA AND FERMI LABORATORY 3

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR GENERAL LAY - OUT 4 Conventional Auxiliary Plants FERMI Laboratory Elettra Laboratory Laboratories and Offices

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR TGP1 AND TGP2 5 TGP1 TGP2 Power Link TGP1 Fermi Trigeneration system TGP2 Elettra Trigeneration System Power Link Between Elettra and Fermi Electric line Thermal line

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR TRIGENERATION SYSTEM Trigeneration is an evolution of Cogeneration Systems Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to simultaneously generate electricity and useful heat. 6

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR LABORATORY LOADS 7 Coolling load of the Electra or Fermi magnets Coolling load of the Electra or Fermi laboratory HVAC system

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR COGENERATION SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL CHILLER 8 Electrical Chiller Electricity grid Winter Season

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR COGENERATION SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL CHILLER 9 Electrical Chiller Electricity grid Summer and Middle Season

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR TRIGENERATION SYSTEM Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling from the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector. 10 CCHP What changes in absorption chiller than vapour compression chiller…

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR Condenser ABSORPTION CHILLER 11 A Vapour Compression Chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or equipment as required. The absorption cycle uses a heat-driven concentration difference to move refrigerant vapors (usually water) from the evaporator to the condenser. The high concentration side of the cycle absorbs refrigerant vapors (which, of course, dilutes that material). Heat is then used to drive off these refrigerant vapors thereby increasing the concentration again. Lithium bromide is the most common absorbent used in commercial cooling equipment, with water used as the refrigerant. Evaporator Cold source Hot source Compressor Thermostatic HIGH Pressure LOW Pressure Evaporator Condenser Absorber Generator Hot source Cold source

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR ABSORPTION ENERGY BALANCE 12 CCHP Doubble Effects Absorption Chiller 100 Fuel EER = 0,7 52 CCHP 100 Fuel 38 EER = Energy loss Single Effect Absorption Chiller 36 Heating Cooling Electric Loss Fuel 10

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR DOUBLE EFFECT ABSORPTION CHILLER 13 Hot source HIGH Pressure Evaporator Absorber LOW Pressure High Temp Generator Low Temp Generator Condenser Cold source Hot source

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HIGH Pressure Evaporator Absorber LOW Pressure High Temp Generator Low Temp Generator Condenser Cold source DOUBLE EFFECT ABSORPTION CHILLER 14 CCHP Heat Recovery from engine 90°C Heat Recovery from engine exhaust 150°C Hot source

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HEAT PUMP (HP) 15 A Heat Pump (HP) is a device that transfers heat energy from a heat source to a heat sink against a temperature gradient. Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow To increase the Heat recovery of CCHP, can I use a Heat Pump for cooling the cabinet and the intercoller of CCHP, and increase their heat level (45° to 90°)

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR DOUBLE EFFECT ABSORPTION CHILLER 16 HIGH Pressure Evaporator Absorber LOW Pressure High Temp Generator Low Temp Generator Condenser Cold source CCHP Heat Recovery from engine + HP 90°C CCHP HP Increase Heat Flow Heat Recovery from engine exhaust 150°C

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR MAIN PERFORMANCES OF TGP1 AND TGP2 2 * 3 Engines Single Electric Pw: 580 kW e Total Electric Pw:3,480 kW e Single Heating Pw: 760 kW t Total Heating Pw:4,560 kW t 2 * 1 Absorption Chiller Pw:1,569 kW f Total Cooling Pw:3,138 kWf 17

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HOW TO WORK THE SINGLE TGP 18 Cooling Load is minor than Absorption Chiller capacity 70% total time - Absorption Chiller ON and cover the cooling demand

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HOW TO WORK THE SINGLE TGP + CHILLER 19 When Cooling Load is greater than Absorption Chiller capacity Absorption Chiller ON and Electric Chiller are ON

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HOW TO WORK THE LINK BETWEEN TGP1 AND TGP2 20 TGP2 TGP1 Hydronic system Electricity If the cooling power of one of the two Systems (TGP1 e TGP2) is less than the maximum. Is more efficient produce cooling energy in the absorption chiller and integrate the cooling loads, via link.

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HOW TO WORK THE SINGLE TGP + LINK 21 When Cooling Load is greater than Absorption Chiller capacity 20% total time - Absorption Chiller ON and Link ON

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR HOW TO WORK THE SINGLE TGP + LINK + CHILLER 22 When Cooling Load is greater than Absorption Chiller and Link capacity 10% total time - Absorption Chiller, Link and Electric Chiller are ON

Eng. M. Vio Eng. L. A. Piterà - AiCARR 23 CONCLUSION For Elettra and Fermi Lightsources the actions to improve energy efficiency are: Maximize the use of the thermal energy The adoption of trigeneration systems to take advantage of the heat produced in summer and middle season. The adoption of double-effect absorption chiller to maximize cooling capacity. The logics of operation and support of various systems. At the moment we are monitoring and collecting data that will be presented soon as possible. (Parallel Session A4)

PUNTO ENERGIA THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION Eng. Michele Vio President of AICARR – Eng. Luca A. Piterà Technical Secretary –