Transcription and Translation… Its what make you, YOU!

 Water  Inorganic Compounds  Organic Compounds  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Proteins  Nucleic Acids

 PROTEIN!  Because of DNA

 Species specific  Genes are long strands of DNA on chromosomes  Genes code for proteins  Proteins make you YOU and a sequoia a SEQUOIA

 The genetic code  Instructions for heredity  Sections of it make genes  Director of protein synthesis  AND…

 A type of nucleic acid  An organic compound  A polymer  Repeating subunits

 Deoxyribonucleic Acid!  Say it with me!  A ribose sugar with a “missing” oxygen  Hence the de-oxy part  In the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms

 Nucleotide  A phosphate  A sugar  A nitrogen base  Double helix  Hydrogen bonds between Adenine & Thymine Cytosine & Guanine

 Assembling a protein molecule from amino acids  Amino acids are small molecules found in the foods we eat or are produced in our cells.  Happens at the ribosomes transcription  DNA → RNA is called transcription. translation  RNA → Protein is called translation.

 1) The DNA’s sequence codes to produce messenger RNA (mRNA)  2) The mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm  3) Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acid molecules to the ribosome that correspond to the sequence of the code  4) Amino acids bond together to form polypeptides, that bond together to make proteins

 Complex machinery that controls protein synthesis.  2 subunits  One catalyzes the peptide bond formations  The other binds the mRNA to the tRNA

 Single-stranded  Still made of nucleotides that have a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base  Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine