Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Pasteurellosis Affects cattle, sheep, swine Cause Various Pasteurella spcs. Responsible for shipping fever, pneumonia, etc. Livestock can become extremely sick and septic

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Involves bacteria, environmental, and viral factors Can affect upper and/or lower respiratory tract Cause Often seen after significant period of stress Weaning, commingling, shipping, parturition, etc. Morbidity can be >50%, mortality >10% Can be caused by one agent, or several in combination

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Causative agents IBR Fever Interferes w/ antibody function BVD immunosuppression BRSV Colonization of lung tissue PI3

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Pasteurella spcs. & Haemophilus spcs. Clinical Signs 5-10d Usual morbidity outbreak ~20% May be closer to 40% if body temps are monitored Mortality may be 5% through the outbreak Temp of 104° or higher Eye and nasal discharge Increased respiration rate and distress Can have permanent damage to respiratory mucosa

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Prevention Reduce stress Don’t multiply stressful operations Increase immunity Vaccinate before stress period Factors to consider Animal age Younger animals may not respond to vaccinations as well due to colostrum immunity Nutritional status

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases May use live or killed vaccines, depending on situation Treatment May mass treat group w/ antibiotics before clinical signs Penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, etc. Many are IM, or SQ May add a fever reducer

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Cause Viral infection of the respiratory tract Spread by airborne transmission, or contact w/ infected animals, contaminated feed/water, equipment, shoes, clothes Usually appears shortly after stress Clinical signs Gaunt Depressed

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Snotty nose Cough Temp 104-106 Prevention Vaccination Both for this and IBR Provides cross immunity to other respiratory problems

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Acute viral infection of respiratory and reproductive tract Cause Herpes related virus Can be found in respiratory, reproductive, eye, brain areas Also in aborted fetus of infected dams

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Spread by: Contact w/ infected animals Air Contaminated equipment, carriers, etc. Incubation time ~20d Clinical Signs Respiratory Form Incubation 2-14d Gaunt, depression, high fever, snotty nose White, stringy nasal discharge

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Course of disease is about 5 - 7d Severe drop in milk production Reproductive Tract Known as IPV Pustules that will become ulcerated within the vagina, or on male reproductive tract Abortion & Neonatal Disease Abortion 3-5 wks after infection of IBR Abortion rate may be 25% >5.5 mos pg may be >60%

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Prevention Vaccination Same basic program as PI3 Tuberculosis Chronic infectious disease Can affect, cattle, swine, & humans

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Cause 3 types are infectious All Mycobacterium spcs Spread by air, contaminated feed/water Clinical Signs Spread is rare, but rapid May be expressed in the respiratory or mammary gland Swine usually slaughtered before disease can manifest

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Prevention No recommended vaccine Test positive animals are slaughtered Treatment No treatment options Strangles Bacterial disease Inhibits breathing by lymph node swelling, nasal discharges Affects horses

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Cause Contagious disease of upper respiratory tract Spreads by contact w/ infected horses and/or environmental contamination Young horses most susceptible (<5 yrs old) Most common in training or boarding stables where many horses come and go Clinical Signs High fever 104-106 Watery to yellow nasal discharge

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Swelling of lymph nodes under jaw & throat May abscess and drain in 7-14d Prevention Quarantine of new animals 4-6 wks Vaccination Recovered horses can still shed Treatment Isolation Soft, palatable feed to keep up energy

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Antibiotics Flushing/draining of abscesses Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex Experienced by virtually every swine producer Viral, bacterial, parasitic, causes Included pathogens (12 known) Pseudorabies Haemophilus Swine Influenza virus Mycoplasma

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Clinical Signs Detection is difficult Eye, ear, nasal discharge, sneezing Cough, increased respiration rate Loss of appetite Increased cull rate Contributing Factors Environmental and management factors can influence

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases All-in/all-out has helped to decrease Thermal Maintain proper temp zone, not too hot or cold Gases Excess ammonia concentration allows for deep penetration of inhaled particles into the lungs Moisture Avoid excessive moisture Particles Feed dust and animal dander is a common disease carrier

Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases Microorganisms Minimize incubation and multiplication of disease-causing pathogens Cause effectively decrease rates of gain Increases other disease susceptibility