Principal Parts of Verbs & Verb Phrases

Verb phrase A verb phrase consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb: Examples: I have never heard Kanye West sing. The student should have arrived by now.

Principle Parts of a Verb Present Present Participle Past Past Participle wash (is)washing washed (have) washed dance (is)dancing danced (have) danced laugh (is)laughing laughed (have)laughed A regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed.

Irregular verbs Present (base) Present Participle Past Past Participle sing singing sang (have) sung hear hearing heard (have)heard hurt hurting (have)hurt An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some other way than by adding –d or –ed to the present or base form.

Lie vs. Lay The verb lie (not as in to say something false)generally means “to recline” or “to be in place” : Lie does not take a direct object. Example: You lie on the reading rug. *You are doing the action and there is no direct object. The verb lay generally means “to put (something) down” or “place(something)” Example: Lay down your pencils. Lay usually takes a direct object- lay refers to the pencils.

Sit vs. Set The verb sit means “to be seated” or “to rest” : Sit usually does not take a direct object. Example: You sit on the reading rug. *You are doing the action and there is no direct object. The verb set generally means “to put (something) in place” Example: Set down your books quietly. Set usually takes a direct object- set refers to the books.

Rise vs. Raise The verb rise means “to go up” or “to get up” : Rise does not take a direct object. Example: Sofia rises to deliver her monologue. *Sofia is doing the action and there is no direct object. The verb raise generally means “to lift (something)up” or “to cause something to rise” Example: Poldi is raising his hand to speak. Raise usually takes a direct object- raise refers to his hand.

Transitive Verbs A transitive verb is an action verb that takes an object: Example: Niyah studied the vocabulary words. Doer Transitive verb Receiver(direct object) Niyah studied vocabulary words

Intransitive Verbs A intransitive verb is a verb that does not take an object (no receiver): Example: The class laughed, but Mrs. Edwards only glared. Doer intransitive verb Receiver(direct object) class laughed no receiver Mrs. Edwards glared