Doug Brooks, President, ISOA 6 December, 2010 Higher School of Economics, Moscow (Video Lecture) Private Sector Peacekeeping A.199V.4.0 INTERNATIONAL STABILITY OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION

Spicy Quote Relevancy: “Any military that intends to be relevant beyond its national borders will be working with the private sector.” -Doug Brooks

Surge capacity Limitless resources Experience – former military/gov’t Capabilities, Specializations Flexible expansion/modifications Staying Power Cost Effective FasterCheaperBetter Why Contingency Contractors? A.199V.4.0

Spicy Quote Local Employment: “Private organizations in our industry utilize local talent when allowed so long as the necessary skill sets are available. If not local, then TCNs, and if TCNs aren’t allowed, only then Westerners.” -Doug Brooks

Stability Operations Industry A.199V.4.0 Organization Type: LSOs: Logistics & Support Organizations PSCs: Private Security Companies SSR&Ds: Security Sector Reform & Development organizations Sample Service: Logistics & Supply Risk Consulting Medical Services Construction Maintenance IEDD/UXO/EOD Waste Management Strategic Transport Site Protection Travel & Transit Protection Private Security Details Threat Assessment Intelligence Security Sector Reform Economic Development Crisis Mitigation & Recovery Governance Rule of Law Law Enforcement

ROE Rules of Engagement Secret Proactive Lethal force to support a military mission RUF Rules for the Use of Force Public Defensive Self Defense, Contract Protection, Civilians Military compared to PSC A.199V.4.0

Mercenaries? A.199V.4.0 Article 47 of the 1977 Additional Protocol of the Geneva Conventions: 1) Choose to fight in a conflict; 2) Actually fight in the conflict; 3) Motivated by personal gain; 4) Not be from the area; 5) Not be sent by a state; 6) Not member of the military. Term is Derogatory. REAL Definition of ‘mercenary’: Foreigners and business people we don’t like.

Spicy Quote Int’l Peace Ops: “The private sector is revolutionizing international peace operations - no mission could succeed without contractors.” -Doug Brooks

Westernless Peacekeeping Int’l Peacekeeping – Growing and is long term – UN, AU and regional operations Westernless Peacekeeping – West has abrogated responsibility – Mils from developing countries willing West won’t support: Private sector will

Western Participation including UNFIL

But West without UNFIL...

Humanitarian Security in Darfur? Technically simple Addresses thorny political will issue Precedent for private humanitarian security Several firms interested in camp security Caveats: – Must have legal framework – Private can stop killing; can’t end problem Problem of ‘Ruthless Humanitarianism’

Promote Ethical and Professional Service 10 Years old – version 12 Proactive Self Regulation Support International initiatives Open Complaints Procedure Member-Led Review Process Robust CoC not a replacement for governments ISOA Code of Conduct: A.199V.4.0

ISOA Complaint flyer Industry takes complaints seriously! Improving the Process A.199V.4.0

Part I Clarifies International Law Contracting States Territorial States Home States Part II Good Practices for the private sector More than 30 states have affirmed support The 2008 Montreux Document A.199V.4.0

Follow on to the Montreux Document To be signed in Geneva on 9 November, 2010 Led by Industry Facilitated by Swiss Government Full support of UK and U.S. governments Inclusive: Numerous workshops on early drafts Applies only to Private Security Companies (PSCs) Will be expanded to larger industry Enormous support from other sectors Carrots and Sticks Major Clients to only use companies signed and compliant Accountability Mechanism can rule out firms Accountability Mechanism next step Welcome NGO client support International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers A.199V.4.0

55+ Organizations offering vital services in conflict, post- conflict and disaster relief operations Clients include gov’ts, NGOs, humanitarian orgs etc. Promote professionalism and ethical conduct in field Create and uphold industry standards Engage in advocacy with governments Provide networking and business development Outreach activities on role and value of the industry ISOA International Stability Operations Association A.199V.4.0

Journal of International Peace Operations

A.199V.4.0 Thank You Questions?

Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Sub Point 1 Sub Point 2 Slide Title A.199V.4.0

Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Sub Point 1 Sub Point 2 Slide Title A.199V.4.0