Civil-Military relations from an NGO perspective Andrea Schneiker 30. Juni 2011, Münster

Humanitarian assistance assistance given to people in need in order for them to survive in contexts of natural or human disaster minimum: the provision of food, water, shelter, medical supplies and logistics maximum: the reconstruction of critical infrastructure (e.g. hospitals, water pipes), mine clearance, the accommodation and rehabilitation of refugees and preventive action

Basic principles Humanity Neutrality Impartiality Independence

Development assistance long-term aid to peoples and countries, with the main objectives of poverty reduction and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), democratic governance, crisis prevention and recovery, as well as sustainable development (UNDP, 2009).

Basic principles Development assistance should be carried out by civilians do-no-harm local ownership, participation, empowerment -> long-term assistance, sustainability close and trusting cooperation with local stakeholders, acceptance

Major changes within the aid sector humanitarian assistance ‘has become a big business’ (Smillie and Minear, 2004, p. 8). the number of actors delivering aid has grown privatization of aid NGOs: professionalization, competition, marketization

Changing context aid increasingly is delivered during or after violent conflicts NGOs and armed actors operate in the same areas the widening of the understanding of security -> human security the changing nature of peacekeeping missions -> complex emergencies, integrated mission comprehensive approach (vernetzte Sicherheit) Security-development nexus CIMIC

Humanitarian assistance & CIMIC non-binding international guidelines for example: Oslo Guidelines (on the use of military and civil defence assets in disaster relief) military resources/support as „last resort“

Development assistance & CIMIC 1.information exchange: improve understanding of the situation, (informal) dialogue 2.ad-hoc cooperation: use of military infrastructure and logistics 3.institutionalised cooperation: joint planning and implementation, pooling of resources FriEnt 2011: 8f.

Conflicting principles Military: Security Development assistance actors: local ownership, participation, empowerment -> long-term assistance, sustainability close and trusting cooperation with local stakeholders, acceptance Humanitarian assistance actors: Neutrality, impartiality, independence

(In-)Security CIMIC blurs the distinction between military actors on the one hand and civil aid actors on the other -> aid workers may be considered to be legitimate targets CIMIC increases insecurity of aid workers

German Agro Action (DWHH) Military = conflict party Military = no conflict party Informal communication noyes Coordinationyes Security relevant information noyes Infrastructureno (yes)yes Joint implementation no (German Agro Action 2008)

Security strategies of aid agencies I Security triangle:

Security strategies of aid agencies II acceptance protection deterrence avoidance

References FriEnt (2011) Entwicklung in unsicheren Gefilden. Briefing No. 10/2011. German Agro Action (2008) Zusammenarbeit mit Militärischen Streitkräften. Standpunkt No. 1/2008. Smillie, I. and L. Minear (2004) The Charity of Nations. Humanitarian Action in a Calculating World. Kumarian Press, Bloomfield. UNDP (2009) Fast Facts, en.pdf (accessed 17 May 2010).