BY: RACHEL HOLSCHER Mass Communication Timelines

Internet 1960’s- Internet invented st basic service Apple Computers founded Microsoft creates DOS Term “Internet” used Symbolic.com is 1 st domain name Windows and Java created AOL Fixed wireless, high-speed Internet technology is now seen. There are 20,000,000 websites on the Internet YouTube There are an estimated 92 million Web sites online Apple surpasses one billion iTunes downloads billion people use the Internet according to Internet World Stats. By: Rachel Holscher

What the Internet Did for Mass Communication? The internet allows people around the world to stay in touch with each other by the click of a button. The internet allows people to stay on top of breaking news with instant news alerts from around the world. The internet allows anyone to find answers to any questions they may have. The internet allows for fast easier research, no more card catalogs and shelves of books. By: Rachel Holscher

Telephones Invention st irst exchange linking two major cities was established between New York and Boston Coin Operated Payphones invented A driver in St. Louis, Mo., placed a phone call, it was the first AT&T mobile telephone call wireless telephone service was available in almost 100 cities st commercial touch-tone phones were a big hit in their preview at Seattle World's Fair st cellular network launched in Japan Caller ID invented st Cell Phone available Estimated 1 million cell phone users million cell phone users st Camera cell phone Billion Cell phone users Today- Average person spend 13 hours talking on their cell phones. The age group spends more like 22 hours a month talking on their cell phones. By: Rachel Holscher

What the Telephone Did for Mass Communication? The telephone allow people to stay in contact over large distances. The invention of the cell phone allowed people to be in contact with anyone when they were away from home. Cell phones allow people to contact emergency help if they are not by a land line telephone. Cell phones now allow people to listen to music, go on the internet, and text message friends and family. By: Rachel Holscher

Television 1927-The first transmission of a television picture between two widely separated cities st experimental color television NBC opened experimental TV station W2XBS in New York CBS opens similar experimental TV station NBC station carries the first live, unscheduled coverage of a news event in progress TV introduced at the World's Fair NBC began relaying telecasts to the GE station in Schenectady, thus forming TV's first "network“ 1941-NBC and CBS granted first commercial licenses 1946 Regular network series begin to take a foothold. Network TV's first major series effort was called Hour Glass. Other series debuting in 1946 included You Are an Artist, Geographically Speaking, Television Screen Magazine, Play the Game, Cash and Carry, Face to Face, I Love to Eat, and Faraway Hill By: Rachel Holscher

Television Continued Cable TV introduced as an alternate television service to households where reception of over the air TV signals was poor West coast is connected to TV network. Television is now nationwide. Mid ‘50s – Compatible color TV introduced st television remote control First Full Female Nudity on Network TV HBO is established 1976 to the beginnings of the satellite TV industry FOX is launched Satellite industry marks three millionth unit in use 1992 to Estimated 19 satellite and cable subscribers Today- Over 113 million household contain at least 1 television By: Rachel Holscher

What has Television done for Mass Communication? Television allows people to watch the news, movies, and other entertainment shows. The invention of the television has brought on the invention of VCR’s and VHS tapes, DVD’s and DVD players, and now BlueRay Discs and BlueRay Players. People can now watch television on their phones, in their cars, or watch movies with a portable DVD player. By: Rachel Holscher

How has Mass Communication Technologies affected today’s society? With the invention of computers and the telephone, so much time is saved in communicating ideas to other people. There is no longer a wait time for letters to arrive, or a having to wait months to speak with family and friends. Today’s technologies allow society to be instantly connected to one another. News spreads around the world in seconds instead of weeks or months. By: Rachel Holscher

Positive Affects There are many positive aspects to the creation of these technologies, such as vast amounts of resources, the ability to and creating bonds between people and never losing contact with others. The internet provides an enormous collection of resources ranging from news articles, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc. to games, personal logs, and entertainment sites. Anything anyone is searching for at any given moment is more than likely to show up on the internet. This gives people the convenience of having resourceful information at their fingertips. All they have to do is type keywords into a search engine and millions of websites are listed and give the option to pick and choose which sites fit the topic a person is looking for. This is incredibly useful for projects, reports, essays, etc. especially for students who cannot get to a library. Even libraries publish information online to satisfy the demands for information. By: Rachel Holscher

Negative Affects These technologies have made contacting people much easier; however, who really wants to be contacted every second of every day and never get a minute of solitude? With inventions like the cell phone and the internet, Americans feel obligated to be on call and available at every moment. On average people check their four times a day, whether to stay in contact for their occupation, or with family members; or there is the cell phone which they would feel guilty turning off for fear of panicking a person trying to reach them. These new technologies have put a strain on people, most without even knowing it. Not only do technologies make people feel compelled to be accessible, they generate so much more stress and demand as well. By: Rachel Holscher

Popular Mass Communication Technology Demographics Young tech elites: comprise 6% of the population and their average age is 22 years old. All of them have internet access and most of them have cell phones, This group heavily participates in online interactivity including: music downloads, participation in online groups, viewing streaming audio and video clips. Seventeen percent of this group has logged on to the internet using a wireless internet connection. Old wired baby boomers: comprise 6% of the population and their average age is 52. This group spends more money online than any other group. They all have internet access and 82% have cell phones. They actively gather information online and use the internet for transactions. Wired GenXers: comprise 18% of the population and their average age is 36. All of them use the internet. Cell phone use is 82%. They also make use of interactive aspects of the internet. Wired Senior Men: comprise only 1% of the population and are very highly educated. Their average age is 70 and they have been online for about 10 years. Online activities include information gathering and online transactions. By: Rachel Holscher

Young Married: comprise 15% of the population and their average age is 24. Internet use is 66%, while 56% have cell phones. Most of them are likely to be married with children. Low-Tech Older Baby Boomers: make up 21% of the population and their average age is 54. Internet use is 51% while more of them (60%) have cell phones. This group has a lower than average education and income. Unwired Baby Boomers: comprise 16% of the population, with an average age of 39. Internet use is 45% and 69% have cell phones. They tend to be married with children and do not have a lot of free time to devote to technology. Low-Tech Elderly: make up 16% of the population and have an average age of 73. Internet use is 12% and 39% of them have a cell phone. This group is oriented to traditional media with 78% watching the news on TV every day. By: Rachel Holscher

Cell Phone and Texting Demographics Adults in the US who use the text-messaging feature on their cell phone are 49% more likely than the average American to be between age Roughly 48% of adults subscribe to text messaging nationally and they use a wide variety of phone features - such as picture messaging, streaming video and -at a rate higher than that of the average cell user. They are avid technology shoppers and are more likely than the average cell-phone subscriber to live in a household that owns - or plans to buy - a wide variety of hi-tech items, from HDTVs to MP3 players to video game systems. They are leading online spenders. One-fifth (20%) of Texters spend more than $1,000 online annually, vs, 17% of all cellular users. Texters are active, on-the-go consumers. They are 37% more likely than all cellular subscribers to have played basketball (as a leisure activity) during the past year; 29% more likely to have gone jogging/running; 29% more likely to have played tennis, and 23% more likely to have practiced yoga. Texters are 12% more likely to have attended a professional sports event, and 57% more likely to have gone to an R&B, rap or hip-hop concert during the past year. By: Rachel Holscher

Blogging Demographics In July 2003 BlogCensus suggested that there were 701,150 that the consider the be” blogs”. The typical blog is written by a teenage girl who uses it twice a month to update her friends and classmates on happenings in her life. Teenagers have created the majority of blogs. Blogs are currently the province of the young, with 92.4% of blogs created by people under the age of 30. Half of bloggers are between the ages of 13 and 19. Following this age group, 39.6% of bloggers are between the ages of 20 and 29. The study also suggests that males were more likely than females to abandon blogs, with 46.4% of abandoned blogs created by males (versus 40.7% of active blogs created by males). By: Rachel Holscher

Facebook and YouTube Demographics Facebook Demographics 1% of age % of age % of age % of age % of age 50+ Youtube Demographics 3% of age % of age % of age % of age % of age 50+ By: Rachel Holscher

Twitter Demographics Twitterers are almost twice as likely to own smartphones than Internet users. Top two phones include BlackBerry (15%) and iPhone (10%). Twitter users have advanced mobile behavior: 1/2 take photos, 1/3 go online and 20% play games regularly. About 25% of Twitter users update some type of social networking status regularly via their mobile phone. Gender: Male = 55% Female = 45% Age = 5% = -30% = 20% = +25% 50+ = +20% By: Rachel Holscher

Digital music players Demographics 27% of all Internet users currently own one or more music player. Online music player owners are slightly more likely to be male (53%) and more than 1/3 (37%) are between the ages of They are nearly twice as likely as the typical Internet user to be enrolled as full-time college students. They are more than twice as likely as the norm to own Web-enabled video game consoles, 80% more likely to own a satellite radio system and 57% more likely than the norm to own a plasma/ flat screen TV. Age demographic studies reveal that 14% of people between have iPods; as do 11% of those between Just 9% of year olds and 6% of those aged between have an Apple music player. Finally, 6% of those have them, while 1 per cent of those 70 and older have them. By: Rachel Holscher

Bibligraphy "The Demographics of Technology Users." KhalsaWeb: Helping You to Realize the Power of the Web KhalsaWeb, Web. 22 Sep demographics.html "Texters Young, Culturally Diverse, Online Spenders." Marketing Charts. 08/11/2008. Ad Tech New York, Web. 22 Sep culturally-diverse-online-spenders-6944/ Bruce Arnold,. "blog statistics and demographics." Caslon Analytics Blogging. 09/2008. Caslon Analytics, Web. 22 Sep codemechanic,. "Youtube user demographics vs Face book user demographics." CodeLathe Blog FUTURE ENGINEERING. 02/10/2008. Web. 22 Sep demographics-vs-face-book-user-demographics/ By: Rachel Holscher

Bibliography continued Macword Staff,. "iPod owner demographic data." Macworld. 26/07/2005. Macworld Online, Web. 21 Sep D=12177 "Study looks at iPod owners’ demographics, interests, media usage habits." MacDailyNews. 17/11/2006. Mac Daily News Online, Web. 21 Sep ts/11672/ Brian Solis,. "Is Twitter Evolving from the Facebook to the Myspace of Microblogs? Analyzing Twitter trends and demographics." PR-The Future Of Communication Starts Here. 04/06/2009. PR 2.0, Web. 21 Sep from-facebook-to/ By: Rachel Holscher

Bibliography "Brief Timeline of the Internet." Webopedia. 24/05/2007. WebMediaBrands, Inc., Web. 22 Sep "Invention of the Telephone." Idea Finder. 11/01/2006. The Great Idea Finder, Web. 22 Sep "The History of Film, Television & Video." High Tech Products High-Tech Productions, Web. 22 Sep PEG GALLOS,. "Society Explores How Technology Affects Society." The Institute. 06/04/2004. IEEE Intellectual Property, Web. 22 Sep By: Rachel Holscher

BY: HEIDI KOVAL Technology and Mass Communication Through The Ages

BY: HEIDI KOVAL A Child's View of Technology and Communication

How Do you See Technology and Mass Communication? 13 and Under In discussing the relationship between advancing technology and mass communication, I thought it would be interesting to see how children see technology, mass communication, and their interrelation. I interviewed three children: ages 12, 10, and 6 years old. I asked each of them several questions; some questions were the same, and some I rephrased to make them more age-appropriate. By: Heidi Koval

1 st Interview In this interview, the 12 year old was a boy named Oliver: What is an example of messages that you have seen in TV shows or other means of mass media? Some of the messages I have seen in TV shows are that brothers and sisters should constantly fight and that teachers hate kids. In video games, there are messages that violence is fun and if you can out-fight your enemy, you will end up advancing past them. How many hours a day do you think you are using some type of mass media? One less hour than I am awake By: Heidi Koval

1 st Interview What do you think people did to hear about current events 100 years ago? The only thing I can think of that they would have been able to do is read a newspaper or hear about current events from other people. Do you think this was an effective way to hear about news? Why or why not? No, I don't think this was a very effective way to hear about news because it would have taken a long time for news to travel and if it was important, it might have been too late by the time the news reached people. How do you think the advancement of technology has changed the way people keep up with current events? The internet has made it so that people can see the latest news anywhere and at anytime on their laptop or cell phone or TV. What technology do you think has made the biggest change in the ways that people use mass communication? I think the internet has made the biggest change in how we use mass communication. Now there's no reason why we can't know what's going on within a minute of it happening. By: Heidi Koval

2 nd Interview The 10 year-old I interviewed is a girl named Evie. What is an example of messages that you have seen in TV shows or other means of mass media? If you can't do something very good right away, you should keep on trying because you should always try to do your best. How many hours a day do you think you are using some type of mass media? About eight. By: Heidi Koval

2 nd Interview What do you think people did to hear about current events 100 years ago? Read the newspaper or talked to each other. Do you think this was an effective way to hear about news? Why or why not? Yes, I think this was a good way to hear about news because people who saw things happen could tell other people about what they had seen. How do you think the advancement of technology has changed the way people keep up with current events? Radio, TV, cameras, and computers have changed the way we hear about and see news. Cameras take pictures that can show how things looked as they happened and computers help people know what the weather might be like which can save people's lives. A lot of people read about the news on the internet, too. What technology do you think has made the biggest change in the ways that people use mass communication? The internet. By: Heidi Koval

3 rd Interview The 6 year-old that I interviewed was a girl named Ava. What do you think the most important invention has been in the last 100 years? Radio so people can know what's going on. How many hours a day do you think you are using some type of mass media? Five By: Heidi Koval

3 rd Interview What do you think people did to hear about news 100 years ago? Well, there were no TV's, no video games, and I'm pretty sure there weren't yo-yos, but maybe newspapers. Or books, or letters. Do you think this was an effective way to hear about news? Why or why not? Yes, because that was the only way they had to hear about news. How do you think inventions in the last 100 years have changed the way we hear about news? We can watch the news on TV now. By: Heidi Koval

Impacts of Technology and Mass Communication Do you think there might be any reasons to be concerned about the impact of technology and the way it relates to mass communication? Oliver and Evie responded by saying that it was almost impossible right now to really be able to shut off all means of mass communication. Oliver said that the people who control the messages being sent through mass media have a lot of power over the way people think because they are choosing what information people know and what information people don't get to see. By: Heidi Koval

Technology, Mass Communication and the Future Do you think it is important to keep up with knowing how to use computers, making sure you're learning as much as you can as technology continues to change?" Unanimously, they responded that yes, it is important. Without knowing how to use technology, they all agreed, you would not be able to keep up with the world. It seems that children understand what an integral role technology plays in the way we now interact with each other and in the way we keep current with what is going on around the world, and are also capable of seeing the potential hazards of the changing landscape of mass communication. By: Heidi Koval

How Do you See Technology and Mass Communication? 50 and older For younger generations, it’s hard to imagine a world without technology. Television, radio, and the Internet are all taken for granted; yet, not too long ago, these communication technologies were nonexistent. Radio became prevalent in the early 1900s, television didn’t see popularity until the 1940s, and the Internet began to reach home computers in the 1990s. However, older generations still remember a world without television and Internet. Their unique perspectives on life before these technologies can help us better understand the effect that television and Internet have had on those who don’t take the Information Age for granted. By: Elizabeth Neilson

1 st Interview The 55 year-old that I interviewed was a man named Roy. EN: When did your family get their first television set? RP: We always had one. EN: How has television changed since you were younger? RP: Well, TV started as black-and- white with only four channels, then turned color. Then cable came in, then satellite… with four million channels, more choices… but it also went from free to a hundred dollars per month, and now there’s lots of garbage channels. TV is a hard thing… it has a lot of good stuff like sports and news… but most of it is just garbage. EN: So, I take it you don’t think television is any better now? When would you say it was the best? RP: It was at its best in the sixties. Less trash. By: Elizabeth Neilson

1 st Interview EN: What was the main source of news when you were younger? RP: Newspapers and TV. EN: Where do you get most of your news now? RP: The Internet. I can read other countries’ news and get more truth. EN: Since the Internet provides easy access to thousands of news sources all over the globe, do you take advantage of that by reading different online sources for different perspectives? RP: Well, all we used to have was the newspaper and the major news networks… after the Internet, it went global. And yes, I love the fact I can read papers from all over and get instant news from all sources, not just one view. EN: Speaking of the Internet—was it hard for you to learn how to use the computer? RP: Yes, it was very hard, since we never had training in school… typing classes weren’t required when I was in high school either so I chicken-peck everything on the keyboard. EN: How did you learn? RP: Trial and error on my own, and from my daughter. By: Elizabeth Nelson

1 st Interview EN: How has the Internet impacted your life? RP: It’s hampered [my generation] in the work force. We are expected to know how to run computers but were never given any training; we got passed over and fell through the cracks. I mean, I thought a mouse was a rodent and nothing but. I knew nothing about the machine. The first computer we bought was so my daughter could use it for schoolwork in middle school—that was the first one I ever worked with. EN: What do you use the Internet for? RP: Sports, news, talking to my daughter, WebMD, , and other general information. EN: Finally, how many hours a day do you think you are using some sort of mass media? RP: 2 to 3 if you don’t count the fact that the TV is on just for noise while I work. A lot of times I listen to the classic rock channel on Sirius. (Note: Roy works from home, assembling allen wrenches in his own shop.) If you count that, then about 7 to 8. By: Elizabeth Neilson

2 nd Interview The second person that I interviewed was a 53 women named Vicki. EN: When did your family get their first television set? VP: It was a Christmas present for all of us kids. EN: How has television changed since you were younger? VP: It went from nonexistent to only three channels, then to black and white, then color, and now we have hundreds of channels. From no variety to everything. I could have never imagined I’d have a big-screen TV with satellite reception. Also, it used to go off the air at midnight until six a.m.—now you can watch it all night long. By: Elizabeth Neilson

2 nd Interview EN: Do you think television was better then or now? When would you say it was the best? VP: TV programs were better in the sixties because they weren’t so violent or sex-oriented. There were more family shows. They seemed to teach, not corrupt. But the one thing I like about today’s is they have a bigger variety of news programs and how-to programs. We also never had any shopping programs. I love the Jewelry Network and QVC. EN: What was the main source of news when you were younger? VP: Newspapers, radio, and TV. EN: Where do you get most of your news now? VP: Local newspaper and TV. My husband uses the Internet for news a lot, and passes stories on to me. EN: Since the Internet provides easy access to thousands of news sources all over the globe, do you take advantage of that by reading different online sources for different perspectives? VP: Not really. Once in a great while. I really don’t have the time—I watch the news and rely on my husband and son-in-law to fill me in, since they’re usually very well-informed. By: Elizabeth Neilson

2 nd Interview EN: Speaking of the Internet—was it hard for you to learn how to use the computer? VP: Absolutely, and I am still learning—I had no training at school or the workplace. I did take typing classes in high school, but that’s all. EN: How did you learn? VP: I’m learning bits and pieces from people at work, from my husband, and from my daughter. EN: How has the Internet impacted your life? VP: At work, everyone thinks I should know as much as the younger generation, but I don’t. I’m expected to maintain and use programs when I don’t even know how to turn the thing on. But it’s given me greater access to information of all kinds. EN: What do you use the Internet for? VP: Shopping, talking to my daughter, recipes, medical questions, news, finding garage sales, how-to projects, weather, mapping out trips, reserving motels, buying tickets. EN: And finally, how many hours a day do you think you are using some sort of mass media? VP: Three to four hours. By: Elizabeth Neilson

3 rd Interview The final women that I interviewed was a woman age 89 named Florence. EN: When did your family get their first television set? FP: Well, we started out with no TV, cars, phones, or anything on the farm but a radio. [Morrill] brought our first TV set home about a year after we were married, in the forties. EN: How has television changed since you were younger? FP: Back then we only had a couple channels. And there were more westerns than there are now. EN: Do you think television was better then or now? When would you say it was the best? FP: Back when we first got one! There were more westerns. Less of this stuff you see now with gangs and dead people and people stuck on islands and all that. I like the dance programs they have on today, though. By: Elizabeth Neilson

3 rd Interview EN: Growing up, what was the primary source of news for you? FP: On the farm, we never bought a paper or anything at all. Our news was word of mouth from neighbor to neighbor. We wrote letters. EN: Where do you get most of your news now? FP: From the Star Tribune and the (Monticello) Shopper, and I watch the news on Kare 11 every night. EN: Do you watch any world news? CNN or Fox News, for example? FP: No. I don’t like them. Most of their stories are a bunch of bull. EN: Have you ever used a computer? FP: No! I could never figure one out. I can barely play movies in my VCR. EN: How many hours a day do you think you’re using some sort of mass media—television, radio, etc.? FP: I mostly read books or play cards downstairs, but I listen to radio programs on NPR too… and I watch Kare 11 like I said, and the Twins if they’re playing. Maybe four hours. Depends on the day. By: Elizabeth Neilson

Conclusions These three individuals all seem to agree on a few important points. #1: Quantity does not equal quality. Though the diversity and number of channels is increasing, television hit its peak long before my generation was born. Both Florence and Vicki expressed dissatisfaction about violence on television, while Roy classified the majority of today’s programming as “garbage.” #2: Older generations spend less time with mass media. The average American is exposed to mass media for seven hours each day. Vicki and Florence responded with an estimate of three to four hours. Roy was unsure about which answer to give, since the television in his shop is on “for noise” during most of the work day, and he primarily listens to commercial-free music. His estimate, without the “noise,” was two to three hours—significantly lower than the average American. Roy and Vicki also point out one very interesting (and important) fact: individuals of their generation missed out on some very important training. Since schools did not begin introducing computer labs until the 1990s, the only training most individuals had were their typing classes from high school. Those who graduated before the 1990s were forced to seek out community computer classes or to receive informal training from their colleagues or children. The staggering suddenness of the computer and Internet impact on society left plenty of otherwise capable workers in the dust. By: Elizabeth Neilson