The Flight of the Creative Class Richard Florida, New York: Harper Business, 2005
Agenda Creative Class: Definition Why the Creative Class Is Important The Creativity Index Talent Technology Tolerance Some Comparative Figures Building a Creative Society
The Creative Class: Definition Employed in specific areas: Science and engineering Architecture and design Arts, music entertainment Law, business and finance Health care Managers, professionals Related fields Once upon a time were called “knowledge workers” Now this group also includes interior decorators, information finders, brokers, and hairdressers.
The Creative Class: Characteristics 30% of American workforce Receive 50% of all wage and salary income Mobile Educated, but not necessarily Create knowledge, ideas, jobs Are attracted to regions and cities EVERYONE is creative, but not everyone is in the creative class.
Why the Creative Class Is Important The creative sector generates $2,000,000,000,000 in wages and salary annually Explains almost all the growth in jobs between 1969 and now. The creative economy violates the “law of conservation of material”, which the materialistic economy obeys, by creating new material!
When is a Job “Creative”? When it involves expert thinking When it involves complex communication Not the same as university education
The Creativity Index Talent Tolerance Technology Creativity
Talent Human capital Augmented by density (i.e., cities, centers, regions)
Technology Need I say more
Tolerance Explains “flow” of human capital Related to Ashby’s idea of variation (“Only variation can drive out variation) and to the idea of flexibility and agility Proactive inclusiveness Ottaviani and Peri: “A more multicultural urban environment makes US-born citizens more productive.”
Some Measures Talent = f(creative-class, human-capital- index, scientific-talent-index) Technology = f(R&D-index, innovation- index) Tolerance = f(values-index,self- expression-index)
Talent creative-class-index Proportion of workforce engaged in creative work or that number plus technicians (ILO) human-capital-index Proportion of a country’s population with bachelor’s degree ( OECD) scientific-talent-index Number of researchers per million people (UNESCO)
Technology R&D-index R&D expenditures as percentage of GDP ( World Bank) Innovation-index Patents granted per million people (US Patent and Trademark Office – 2001) Notice dated info here
Tolerance Values-index Degree to which a country espouses “traditional” as opposed to “modern” or “secular” values Self-expression-index Degree to which a nation values individual rights and self-expression Both are from World Values Survey (Ron Inglehart)
The Figures – Top 5 CountryCreati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Sweden Japan Finland US Switzerland What does this mean?
The Figures – 6-10 CountryCreati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Denmark Iceland Netherlands Norway Germany
The Figures – Some More Country (Rank)Creati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Canada (11) Israel (14) UK (15) Russian Fed(25) China (36) India (41) Romania (45)
More Interesting Countries (NAFTA, EC) Country (Rank)Creati- vity TalentTech- nology Tolerance Czech Rep. (21) Ukraine (27) Turkey (39) Mexico (42) Ranges Top0.808 Sweden Finland US Sweden Bottom0.127 Romania China Georgia Romania
Lessons? Can a simple set of scales capture something so complex as creativity? Are the appropriate indices selected? Are the measures accurate? Valid? Reliable? What do the numbers mean in terms of competitiveness, improvement needed? What are the true independent variables here?