Varied Lands and Varied Resources

 16 independent countries make up region of Eastern Europe  From Baltic Sea in north to Balkan Peninsula in south  Eastern Europe – four separate sub regions  Central Europe  Baltic States  Western Balkans  Eastern Balkans

 Made up of:  Poland  Czech Republic  Slovakia  Hungary  All located in the center of Europe

 Poland – largest country in Central Europe  Baltic Sea to the north  Thousands of lakes in northern Poland  Great European Plain covers northern and central Poland  Vistula River cuts through central Poland  Provides water for agricultural areas and transportation for industries

 Rolling hills break up Great European Plain in south  Carpathian mountains form southern border  Home to variety of wildlife  Brown bears  Wolves  Lynxes (a kind of wildcat)

 Most people in Poland live in cities  Work in service or manufacturing jobs  Factories in Lodz and Katowice make machinery and steel  Warsaw – capital of Poland  Large automobile factory  Southwestern Poland – coal mines  ¼ of economy comes from agriculture

 Pollution problems  Burning coal  Sometimes levels so high it’s dangerous

 Czech Republic – borders Poland to southwest  Economy based on:  Steel  Plastic  Machinery  Iron industries  Also produce:  Cement  Textiles  Wood and paper products  Pottery

 Prague – capital of Czech Republic  Popular for visitors  Also popular  Bohemian Forest  Elbe River  Sudety Mountains

 Slovakia– to southeast touches Czech Republic  Carpathian and Tatra Mountains northeastern border  Danube river part of Slovakia’s southern border  Slovakia – some industries  Agriculture largest part of economy  Depends on fertile soil around Danube River for farming

 Hungary  More than 1,000 lakes and thermal springs  Thermal springs – sources of warm water – bubble up from ground  Tourists bathe and relax in springs for health  Budapest – Hungary’s capital  Sites of Central Europe 

 Lithuania, and Latvia, Estonia – border the Baltic Sea  Sometimes called the Baltic States  Low-lying costal plain  Cows graze on grass here  Mild climate  Thick forests cover interior of Baltic States  Soil good for:  Sugar beets, potatoes, and grain

 Lithuania  Farming, forestry, and fishing – important to economy  Largest of Baltic States  Famous for amber – tree sap that has hardened over thousands of years  Found on shores of Baltic Sea  Golden in color – made into jewelry  Nearly 90% of world’s amber comes from Lithuania – exported to other countries for centuries

 Latvia  Forests cover about 40% of land  Home to: elk, deer, brown bears, and wolves  Forests important to economy  Latvia sells timber and wood products to other countries

 Estonia  Known from forests, waterways, and wildlife  More than 1,400 lakes  10% of land area 800 islands in Baltic Sea  Income from mining oil shale – rock that produces oil when heated

 Balkan Peninsula called Western Balkans  Between Adriatic and Black Seas  Balkan means – mountain in Turkish  Mountainous land  Rocky shoreline of Adriatic Sea

 Slovenia  Northernmost country in Western Balkans  ½ covered with forests  Remaining land used to grow corps  Limestone caverns and caves contrast green landscape

 Croatia  South and east of Slovenia  Curved shape  Long stretch of land along Adriatic coast  Plannonian Plains change to rolling hills  Give way to rocky Dinaric Alps

 Bosnia and Herzegovina  Fits in curve of Croatia  Made up of forested mountains  Southern part – flat farmland  Southwestern border – Dinaric Alps

 Yugoslavia  East of Bosnia and Herzegovina  Two republics  Serbia  Montenegro  Eastern Europe’s only fjord along Adriatic coast  North – flat  South - mountainous

 Only landlocked country in Western Balkans  South of Yugoslavia  Warm climate  Ideal for growing:  Fruit  Rice  Cotton  Landscape – rivers, mountains, forests

 Albania  Western neighbor to Macedonia  Inland mountains – not suitable for growing crops  Along Adriatic coast – farmers grow corn and fruit

 Clustered around western shore of Black Sea  Romania  Bulgaria  Moldova -62 miles from Black Sea coast

 Danube River runs along boundary between Romania and Bulgaria  Dniester and Prut form eastern and western boarders  Keep land fertile  Provide transportation

 Mostly mountains  Carpathians cut across Romania and become Transylvanian Alps  Southeast – land turns into flat plains  Farmers grow variety of crops  Romania – rich in natural resources  Gold  Silver  Lignite- soft brown coal

 Lots of wildlife  60% of Europe’s bears  40% of wolves  250 kinds of birds  90 kinds of fish near mouth of Danube  Major stop for birds migrating from Africa to Asia

 Northern Bulgaria – Danube River creates excellent farmland  Balkan Mountains run through center of country  Change to rolling lowlands  Rise again  Foothills of Balkan Mountains  Valley of the Roses  Fragrant flowers  Oil used to make perfume

 Smallest country in Eastern Balkans  Mostly flat plains, gentle rolling hills  Several rivers  Rich soil  Farmers grow corn, wheat, vegetables  Factories produce consumer goods

 1. What countries border the Czech Republic?  2. With which of those countries does the Czech Republic share the largest border?  3. With which of those countries does the Czech Republic share the smallest border?  4. What is the capital of the Czech Republic?  5. Name four places people like to visit in the Czech Republic.

 1. What countries border the Czech Republic? Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland  2. With which of those countries does the Czech Republic share the largest border? Poland  3. With which of those countries does the Czech Republic share the smallest border? Slovakia  4. What is the capital of the Czech Republic? Prague  5. Name four places people like to visit in the Czech Republic. Prague, Bohemian Forest, Elbe River, and Sudety Mountains

CountryCapital City 1. Austria 2.Brussels 3. Bulgaria 4.Nicosia 5. Czech Republic 6.Copenhagen 7. Estonia 8.Helsinki 9. France 10.Berlin 11. Greece 12.Budapest 13. Ireland 14.Rome 15. Latvia 16.Vilnius 17. Luxembourg 18.Valletta 19. Netherlands 20.Warsaw 21. Portugal 22.Bucharest 23. Slovakia 24.Ljubljana 25.Spain 26.Stockholm 27. United Kingdom

CountryCapital City AustriaVienna BelgiumBrussels BulgariaSofia CyprusNicosia Czech RepublicPrague DenmarkCopenhagen EstoniaTallinn FinlandHelsinki FranceParis GermanyBerlin GreeceAthens HungaryBudapest IrelandDublin ItalyRome LatviaRiga LithuaniaVilnius Luxembourg MaltaValletta NetherlandsAmsterdam PolandWarsaw PortugalLisbon RomaniaBucharest SlovakiaBratislava SloveniaLjubljana SpainMadrid SwedenStockholm United KingdomLondon