1. Europe-Russia Combo.
PHYSICAL NOTES

2. Layout of Europe
Europe and Asia share a common landmass called Eurasia. Yet Europe is a distinct region jutting westward from Asia.
Europe is a peninsula of Asia. Europe itself has many peninsulas extending from it. Because of this it has a long irregular coastline that has shaped the lifestyles of its people.
Northern Peninsulas
Scandinavian
Jutland
Southern Peninsulas
Iberian
Apennine (Italian)
Balkan
Scandinavian
Jutland
Iberian
Balkan
Italian

3. Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula Includes Norway and Sweden
Very mountainous
Has fjords along the coastline
Jutland
Includes Denmark
Mostly flat surface

4. The Southern Peninsulas
Balkan Peninsula
Includes Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Romania, Servia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Albania and Greece
Bordered by the Adriatic, Mediterranean and Aegean Seas.
Mainly a tangle of mountain ranges and valleys.
Apennine (Italian) Peninsula
Includes Italy
Apennine mountain range, including Mount Vesuvius.
30% is plains
Iberian Peninsula
Includes Spain and Portugal
Separates Mediterranean Sean from the Atlantic Ocean
Mostly a plateau but includes the Pyrenees Mountains.
Also has the small passage known as the Straight of Gibraltar.

5. ISLANDS Small Islands Large Islands
Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus and Crete-all.
All have rugged terrain and volcanic mountains.
Large Islands
Great Britain, Irelands, Iceland & Greenland.
These islands are found in the North.

6. Mountains
Europe’s northwestern mountain have some of the world’s oldest rock formations. However due to erosion and glaciation have made their peaks low.
Pyrenees- restricts Spain and Portugal’s interaction with the rest of Europe.
The Alps- the most famous mountain range in Europe.
Mount Vesuvius- near the city of Naples. Most famous for erupting in 79 AD and burring the city of Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum under mounds of lava, ash and mud.
Uplands- are very low mountains.
Examples of uplands in Europe include: Scottish Highlands, Massif Central and Meseta.

7. Plains
One of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world is the Northern European Plain. 33% of Europe’s land is suitable for agricultural use, this is high compare to the world average of 11%.
Olives, fruits, and vegetables grow in southern areas; grains and livestock are raised in northern areas.

8. Rivers Thames River Danube River Rhine River
England's most important river
Allows ships to access London (inland city)
Thames.mp4
Danube River
Eastern Europe's major river
Flows from the Black Forest (Germany) to the Black Sea
Main canal links North Sean and Black Sea
Rhine River
Western Europe's major river
Runs through France and Germany into the Netherlands
Connects Europe's industrial cities

9. Human-environment Interaction
Human-environment interaction can be seen throughout the region
Dikes- large bank of stone and earth that holds back water.
Polders- low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new land.

10. Russia
One-sixth of the Earths land surface!!!

11. Mountains Urals Caucasus Mark the boundary of Europe and Asia
Stretch across land between Black and Caspian Sea

12. Plains Northern European Plain West Siberian Plain
Covers most of European Russia
75% of the Russian population lives there
West Siberian Plain
Covers almost one million square miles
Arid and Arctic due to river flow toward the Arctic Ocean

13. Oceans, Lakes, Seas, and Rivers
Arctic Ocean
Smallest and shallowest of the earths major oceans
Lake Baikal
Southern Siberian freshwater lake
Deepest lake in the world
Holds almost 20% of the earths freshwater
Caspian Sea
Third largest sea in the world
Really a saltwater lake
Black Sea
Warm water outlet to the Mediterranean Sea
Lake Volga
Canals link Russia to the Caspian, Black, and Baltic Seas