3. 0 EUROPE

4. Physical Geography of Europe  Most of Europe lies within 300 mile of the coast  How do you think this affects their life?  Advantages: fish, transportation, hydroelectric power  Polders – reclaimed land that once was underwater, used for farming and settlement  Disadvantages: floods  Dikes- large banks (like a seawall) of earth and stone to hold back water

5. Peninsula of Peninsulas  Europe is a large peninsula made up of smaller peninsulas  Define peninsula  Northern Peninsulas  Scandinavia  Norway, Sweden Finland  Jutland  Denmark  Baltics  Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, little bit of Russia

6.  Southern Peninsulas  Iberian  Spain & Portugal  Rugged mountains prevented migration for centuries  Apennine  Italy & Vatican City  Active volcano – Mount Vesuvius  Balkan  Greece, Albania, & Macedonia  Rugged landscape encourages water transportation

7. Mountain Regions  The Alps  Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, & Austria  Pyrenees  Spain and France  Apennines  Italy  Carpathian Mnts.  Romania, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine

8. Plains Regions  North European Plain  Includes SE England, W. France, Poland, Ukraine, and part of Russia  Heavily populated area due to:  Rich soil  Define loess  Mineral deposits  Great Hungarian Plain  Agriculture  Livestock

9. River Systems  Sharp contrasts between river systems throughout Europe  Scandinavia’s rivers are short  Iberia’s rivers are narrow  What is a disadvantage of these characteristics?  The Rhine runs through Switzerland, France, & Germany  The Danube runs through Germany, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, & Bulgaria  What are the advantages of such long rivers?  What river in the USA has this advantage?

10.  Cinque Terre, Italy Amsterdam, Holland/Netherlands

11.  Peone, France Seine River - Paris, France

12. Mont St. Michel, France

14. The Rhine The Danube Budapest, Hungary

16. Monocco- most of it.

17. Natural Resources  The Industrial Revolution in the 18 th and 19 th centuries capitalized on Europe’s resources.  What was the most common source of energy utilized at this time?  How has this affected the environment?  Areas lacking in mineral resources have found alternative energy sources  Peat – vegetable matter burned for fuel