Bulk Survey For Release September 17,2015 ASP 2014 Workshop By Don Dihel, CHMM Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office

Bulk Survey For Release BSFR is a term used to refer to a licensed process that has been approved by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) to allow the disposal of materials with EXTREMELY LOW LEVELS OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL in Class I landfills. 2

DOE Operations and D&D Generate Extremely Low Level Waste Soil Resin Concrete Asphalt Paper Plastic Waste PPE Is it cost effective to dispose of this waste in Low Level Radioactive Waste Cells? 3

Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation Division of Radiological Health Tennessee’s Bulk Survey for Release (BSFR) program was developed in order to have a standardized process to analyze materials with extremely low levels of radioactive contamination for disposal in specified Class I landfills. By allowing waste that does not pose any significant risk to be disposed of under the BSFR program, space in the limited number of radioactive waste facilities can be conserved for the material that truly requires that type of disposal. Based on NRC Program 10 CFR These levels of contamination, while detectable with modern equipment, pose no hazard to human health or the environment by being disposed of in this manner. 4

BSFR How Does BSFR Work? 5

BSFR 1.Material is analyzed at each Generator’s site for the chemical constituencies and to identify each radionuclide and its activity (pCi/g). 2.The material is then shipped according to U.S. Department Of Transportation (USDOT) regulations to a processor. 6

BSFR 3.At the processor each package is analyzed again to verify the radionuclides and their associated activities (pCi/g). 4.This analysis allows the processor to determine if the material meets the predetermined limits authorized in their radioactive material license for BSFR disposal. 7

BSFR 5.If The Material Meets The Predetermined Licensed Authorized Limits And The Container Surface Dose Rate Limits And Does Not Meet The USDOT Definition For Radioactive Material It Is Then Shipped To The Preauthorized Landfill. 8

BSFR 6.At the Landfill The Material Goes Through A Final Check. Only After It Passes The Final Check Is It Disposed In The Landfill. 9

BSFR Licensing Requirements For each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE). At a minimum, the external, inhalation, and soil pathways shall be analyzed and it shall be assumed that working face employees are on the landfill 25% of the year A separate analysis shall be submitted for each operation identified above and shall include the delivery driver, landfill workers affected and post landfill use, as outlined below, using the most current RESRAD computer code. For each analysis, use the entire useable disposal area of the landfill beginning when the conditional disposal program started. 10

Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management All landfills are operated in accordance with Tennessee Division of Solid Waste Management (TDSWM) requirements for Class I landfill. The requirements for operating a Class I landfill are codified in Chapter , Specific Requirements for Class I, II, III, and, IV Disposal Facilities. This regulation includes requirements for: performance, access control, fire safety, litter control, communications, cover materials, run-on, run-off and erosion control, dust control, location in flood plains, inspection program, future planning, leachate migration controls, gas migration controls, waste handling and cover standards, groundwater protection, and corrective actions 11

COMPUTER MODEL 12

COMPUTER MODEL 13

Who can perform BFSR Screening and Disposal? Four licensees in Tennessee are (were) authorized to conduct the BSFR program: IMPACT (Closed), Studsvik-RACE (now EnergySolutions – Memphis), Toxco, and Duratek/Energy Solutions (EnergySolutions – Bear Creek) 14

Which Landfills in Tennessee support BSFR? There are four Class I landfills in Tennessee authorized to receive wastes under the BSFR program: Chestnut Ridge Landfill facility in Heiskell (Anderson County), North Shelby County, South Shelby County, and Carter Valley in Hawkins County. 15

DOE Looks for more Cost Effective Waste Disposal Options DOE issues IDIQ Contract DE-AM30-10CC60042 for Contractors to use BSFR process. Contract based on DOE O Contract states other DOE Orders must be met, but not listed. Waste from Portsmouth was sent under IDIQ to Impact Services, Studsvik, and EnergySolutions – Bear Creek. Save Money!!!! 16

Actual Process Waste is shipped from facility as radioactive waste using NRC Form 541, shipped as Radioactive Waste. Waste is scanned using ISOCS to determine concentration of nuclides. –May only have 1 or 2 nuclides that are detected and others are “ratioed” using scaling factors. –If total activity of waste is below WAC for landfill and below DOT, waste classified as non-radioactive. Waste ownership transfer to Processor and Processor disposed of waste. Processor reports waste using their results. 17

Passes. Allowed to be disposed in Class I landfill. Failed. Sent to LLW landfill.

So what is wrong with DOE facilities using the BSFR process? 19

Application of DOE O Per the order, DOE can only release radioactive materials (including waste) from DOE control through Surface Contamination Limits (dpm/100 cm 2 ) or must have Authorized Limits. The BSFR limits have not been approved per the order. 20

WRONG ASSUMPTIONS 1.Since the waste is shipped to a NRC agreement state facility using a NRC agreement state approved process, DOE O does not apply and DOE has no responsibilities for the waste after it is received. 2.Per the IDIQ Contract, “All commercial TSDFs are required to be audited in accordance with DOE Order annual audit requirements…” Therefore DOE is responsible for performing the audits and that is performed by DOECAP. 3.The waste belongs to the processor. 21

Issues DOE does not use NRC process to define DOE LLW. Discussions with EM, CBC, and HSS concluded that the material is subject to DOE O requirements. No DOE O assessment had been performed. DOECAP may or may not meet DOE O requirements, but LOI are not based on DOE O Waste responsibility can not be transferred to the processor. 22

So What is different ? How is DOE evaluation of dose similar and or different than TDEC dose evaluation? –Use same model –Use same parameters as TDEC except Dose Conversion Factors For TDEC, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TEDE). For DOE, for each radionuclide and concentration requested, perform and submit an analysis verifying that the dose, to the maximally exposed individual, will not exceed 1 millirem per year (mrem/yr) total effective dose equivalent (TED). 23

Problem Solving 24

Dose conversion factors for external ground radiation (mrem/yr)/(pCi/g) RadionuclidesDaughtersHalf-life DOE Conversions STD NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCF N /DCF D (in %) Am years 3.717E E-02118% Np x 10 6 years6.706E E-02116% Cs years 8.686E E-0486% Ba137m2.52 mins 3.381E E+00107% Tc x10 5 years 1.104E E-04114% Pu years 1.111E E-04136% Pu x 10 4 years 2.765E E-04107% Pu x 103 years 1.130E E-04130% Th ×10 10 years4.782E E-04109% Ra years6.575E E+000% Ac hours5.044E E+00119% Th years7.248E E-03110% Ra days4.950E E-02103% Rn22055 sec3.474E E-0366% Po sec 8.873E E-04117% Pb hours 6.314E E-01112% Bi mins 6.258E E+00187% Tl min2.167E E+01106% U x 10 5 years 3.456E E-04116% Th ×10 4 years1.106E E-03109% Ra x 10 3 years 3.176E % U x 10 8 years7.005E E-01103% Th hours3.250E E-02112% U x 10 9 years1.713E E-0460% Th days2.316E E-02104% Pa234m1.17 mins1.257E E-0271% Pa hours8.275E E+01140% 25

Dose conversion factors for ingestion, mrem/pCi RadionuclidesDaughtersHalf-life DOE Conversions STD NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCF N /DCF D (in %) Am years 8.806E E-03413% Np x 10 6 years4.625E E-03960% Cs137+D years 4.921E E-05102% Tc x10 5 years 3.330E E-0644% Pu years 8.436E E-03379% Pu x 10 4 years 9.287E E-03381% Pu x 103 years 9.287E E-03381% Th ×10 10 years1.029E E-03265% Ra228+D6.7 years5.920E E-0324% Th years4.290E E-0492% Ra224+D3.64 days5.056E E-0472% U x 10 5 years 2.150E E-04132% Th ×10 4 years 9.361E E-0459% Ra x 10 3 years 1.676E E-0379% U x 10 8 years2.048E E-04130% Th hours 1.706E E-0679% U x 10 9 years1.939E E-04139% Th days 1.937E E-0571% 26

Dose conversion factors for inhalation, mrem/pCi RadionuclidesDaughtersHalf-life DOE Conversions STD NRC Conversions FRG 11 DCF N /DCF D (in %) Am years 3.630E E-01121% Np x 10 6 years1.868E E-01289% Cs137+DBa137m30.17 years 1.543E E-0521% Tc x10 5 years 5.254E E-0616% Pu years 4.070E E-0196% Pu239+D 2.411x 10 4 years 4.477E E-0196% Pu x 103 years 4.477E E-0196% Th ×10 10 years4.255E E+00385% Ra228+D6.7 years6.333E E-038% Th years4.144E E-01825% Ra224+D3.64 days1.436E E-0323% U x 10 5 years 3.737E E-01353% Th ×10 4 years 3.848E E-0185% Ra x 10 3 years 3.811E E-0323% U x 10 8 years3.378E E-01364% Th hours 1.399E E-0763% U x 10 9 years3.212E E-01367% Th234+D days 3.329E E-05108% 27

Radionuclides (+ Daughters) DCF N /DCF D Inhalation DCF N /DCF D Ingestion DCF N /DCF D External Lowest DCF N /DCF D Am %413%118% Np237289%960%116% Cs137+D 21%102%97%21% Tc99 16%44%114%16% Pu23896%379%136%96% Pu239+D96%381%107%96% Pu24096%381%130%96% Th232311%114%103% U234153%90%109%90% U235213%105%108%105% U238237%105%94% Th23085%59%109%59% 28

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X326 DAW Isotope Profile pCi/g North Shelby WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCF N /DCF D DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction South Shelby WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCF N /DCF D DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction Carter Valley WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCF N /DCF D DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction Chestnut Ridge WAC (pCi/g) 20%/30%/50% DCF N /DCF D DOE worst case AL (pCi/g) Fraction U % % % % U % % % % U % % % % Am % % % % Np % % % % Pu239/ % % % % Tc % % % % Th % % % % Total0.215 Total0.224 Total0.343 Total

Where is PPPO at now? We have document submitted to CBC, EM and EHSS stating the problem and why we believe waste disposed from Portsmouth was safely disposed per DOE requirements. We have our analysis and thought process approved by EM and EHSS. Writing Authorized Limits request to submit to EM. We are stressing to contractors to review DOECAP reports (LOI) to see if audit meets our requirements and conducting internal assessments for compliance. We have office oversight and concurrence on all off-site releases. 31

Questions?