 Necessary materials: PowerPoint Guide Teacher Information!

Fish and Wildlife Requirements Fish and Wildlife Resources

Students will be able to…  Define terms associated with wildlife  Discuss wildlife needs and uses

What are examples of…  Domestic species?  Feral species?  Exotic species?  Game species?

Different species of species…  Domestic species—an animal under human control  Feral species—a once domesticated animal that now lives as a wild species  Exotic species—an animal or plant that is not native to its current location.

Different species of species…  Game species—An animal that is hunted for meat, hide or sport.

Different species of species…  Migratory species—An animal that moves long distances to reach new habitat.  Examples of migrants?

What is a Habitat?  The “home” of a species  Includes all biotic, climate, topographic, and edaphic (soil) factors that affect life

4 Basic Elements of a Habitat Food Water Cover Space

Food  Energy requirements  starches, sugars, fats, and cellulose  Nutrient requirements  protein and vitamins  Mineral requirements  phosphorus and potassium

Stenophagous v. Euryphagous  All animals  heterotrophs Consume other organisms to survive  Food generalists  euryphagous People, goats, bears, coyotes  Food specialists  stenophagous Koalas, giant pandas, pygmy rabbits  Which type of feeder should be less sensitive to habitat alteration? Why?

Water  Water requirements vary for animals depending on the species, weather and climate Goat: 1-1 ½ gallons once/2 days Donkeys: 3-4 gallons once/day Horses: 5-8 gallons once or twice/day Bison: 8-10 gallons once/1-2 days

Water  Moisture content of forage Immature forage has lots of water in it—up to 75% water

Cover  Thermal Shade in summer Shelter from cold wind in winter

Cover  Hiding - Protection from predators Vegetation as visual obstruction Lack of visual obstruction (i.e., pronghorn and prairie dogs)

What are the needs of wildlife?  Space—the optimal area that a species needs Determined by:  Size & diet of animal  Diversity & productivity of habitat Home range v. territory Breeding and nesting Social intolerance Disease transmission

Limiting Factors  Basic requirements that limit the size, growth, and/or quality of an animal population  Results in the logistic curve Time Population Limiting factor

Limiting Factors  Human impact on limiting factors?

What is the importance of wildlife?  Positive values Aesthetics Recreational Ecological Educational/scientific Utilitarian Commercial  What are some negative values?

Review  Define terms associated with wildlife  Discuss wildlife needs and uses