10 th Edition, © 2011, Cengage Learning Chapter 2 Parts of Speech

The Eight Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-2

 Nouns name persons, places, things, qualities, feelings, concepts, activities, and measures. Persons : Ryan, Angelica, employees Places : San Francisco, Hawaii, Europe Things : pizza, popcorn, surfboard Qualities : reliability, flexibility, patience Feelings : happiness, anger, confusion Concepts : communication, productivity, freedom Activities : working, snowboarding, dancing Measures : day, week, inch, kilometer Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-3

Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-4 To test for a noun, use the word in question with the verb is or are. Try these nouns with is or are.  Laurie is....  Managers are....  Initiative is....

 Pronouns replace nouns. Use them for efficiency and variety. Without pronouns, sentences sound like this: ◦ Matt said that Matt must find Matt’s keys before Matt can leave for work. How would that sentence sound with pronouns? ◦ Matt said that he must find his keys before he can leave for work. Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-5

 Verbs express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. Kim drove her car to work. (Action) Kim has a bicycle too. (Occurrence) Her bicycle is white. (State of being) Three kinds of verbs: ◦ Action verbs ◦ Linking verbs ◦ Helping verbs Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-6

Action Verb: tells what the subject does; includes physical and mental action ◦ Examples: dances, decides, works, praises Linking Verb: joins words that describe the subject ◦ Examples: is, are, was, were, am, appears, seems, feels, smells, tastes, looks Helping Verb: used to create verb phrases ◦ Examples: is, are, was, were, am, could, would, should, do, does Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-7

Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-8 To test for a verb, try the word in question with a noun. Try several action and linking verbs with this expression:  The manager(s) _______________. Make sense?  The manager dances, the manager decides, and so forth.

 Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. They answer the questions What kind? How many? and Which one? A good student submitted excellent work. (What kind?) Our manager bought two computers and one printer. (How many?) This printer is expensive. (Which one?) Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-9 The words a, an, and the form a special group of adjectives called articles.

 Adverbs describe or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They answer such questions as When? How? Where? and To what extent? Yesterday the printer jammed repeatedly. (When and how?) The restaurant is over there. (Where?) We were served very quickly. (How and to what extent?) Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-10

 Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in sentences. For example, Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-11 The truck was driven by Kim. for Kim. to Kim. with Kim. around Kim. over Kim. Notice how prepositions change the relationship between Kim and the verb.

 Conjunctions connect words or groups of words. The coordinating conjunctions are: Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-12 Pizza and burritos are Kim’s favorites, but she also enjoys gyros. and or nor but so (used casually) yet (used occasionally) for

 Interjections show surprise, disbelief, or strong feeling. Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-13 Oops, I can’t believe I forgot the attachment again! Wow ! Did you feel that tremor?

TIP Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-14 The same word can function as different parts of speech depending on how it is used in a sentence. Consider the word service. We received good service here. (Noun) He operates a service station. (Adjective) Did you service your car? (Verb)

Quick Summary of Parts of Speech Namers : Nouns and Pronouns Performers : Verbs Describers : Adjectives and Adverbs Connectors : Prepositions and Conjunctions Exclaimers : Interjections Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-15

Namers NounsName things PronounsRename things PerformersVerbs Show action or link words Describers Adjectives Describe nouns and pronouns Adverbs Describe verbs, adjectives, adverbs Connectors Prepositions Join nouns, pronouns to sentence ConjunctionsConnect words Exclaimers InterjectionsShow strong feeling Chapter 2, Guffey-Seefer, Business English, 10e, Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, All Rights Reserved2-16