1. Parts of Speech

2. Orientation: How to Study Business English
Before
reading a
chapter
Set aside a quiet time and place to study.
Examine the chapter objectives.
Take the chapter pretest; check your answers.

3. Orientation: How to Study Business English
As you
read a
chapter
Highlight important concepts.
Write questions in margins to ask in class.
Study examples and illustrations.

4. Orientation: How to Study Business English
After
reading a
chapter
Review the passages you highlighted.
Ask yourself whether you understand the concepts presented.
Take the posttest; compare with pretest.
Finish all assigned exercises and check your answers online.

5. Understand the content of business English and its relevance to you and your career.
Define the eight parts of speech.
Recognize how parts of speech function in sentences.
Use words in a variety of grammatical roles.

6. What Is Business English?
The study of language fundamentals needed to communicate effectively in today's workplace
These language fundamentals include:
Grammar
Usage
Punctuation
Capitalization
Number style
Spelling

7. Why Study Business English?
To refresh rusty skills
To feel confident and professional in using the language
To succeed in a workplace where increasing emphasis is placed on oral and written communication

8. Those who write and speak well on the job are:
What Are the Benefits?
Those who write and speak well on the job are:
Hired
Valued
Promoted

9. Can You Become an Expert?
Yes, you can become an expert by learning where to find answers.
You will need these books:
A current college-level or desk dictionary
A good office reference manual
Your textbook

10. Interjections Conjunctions Prepositions Adverbs Adjectives Verbs
Pronouns
Nouns
The Eight
Parts of Speech

11.  Nouns name persons, places, things, qualities, feelings, concepts, activities, and measures.
Persons Randy, Joanie, employees
Places Chicago, Hawaii, Europe
Things pizza, kitten, surfboard
Qualities reliability, flexibility, patience
Feelings happiness, anger, confusion
Concepts communication, productivity
Activities working, speaking, dancing
Measures day, week, inch, kilometer

12. To test for a noun, use the word with the verb is or are.
Try these nouns with is or are.
Laurie is
Managers are
Freedom is

13. Pronouns replace nouns. Use them for efficiency and variety.
Without pronouns, sentences sound like this:
Matt said that Matt must find Matt’s keys before Matt can leave for work.
How would this sentence sound with pronouns?
Matt said that he must find his keys before he can leave for work.

14.  Verbs express an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.
Kim drove her car to work. (Action)
Kim has a bicycle too. (Occurrence)
Her bicycle is white. (State of being)

15. Three Kinds of Verbs
Action Verb: tells what the subject does; includes physical and mental action
Examples: dances, decides, works, praises
Linking Verb: joins words that describe the subject
Examples: is, are, was, were, am, appears, seems, feels, smells, tastes, looks
Helping Verb: used to create verb phrases
Examples: is, are, was, were, am, could, would, should, do, does

16. To test for a verb, try the word with a noun.
Try several action and linking verbs with this expression.
The manager _________________.
Make sense?
The manager speaks, the manager decides, the manager was, and so forth.

17. . Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns
 Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. They answer the questions What kind? How many? and Which one?
A good student submitted excellent work. (What kind?)
Our manager bought two tablets and one printer. (How many?)
This vehicle is expensive. (Which one?)
The words a, an, and the form a special group of adjectives called articles.

18. . Adverbs describe or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
 Adverbs describe or limit verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They answer such questions as When? How? Where? and To what extent?
Yesterday the power went out repeatedly. (When and how?)
The restaurant is over there. (Where?)
We were served very quickly. (How and to what extent?)
To help you remember the function of an adverb, think of its two syllables: ad meaning to add to or amplify the meaning of a verb.

19. . Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in sentences
 Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in sentences. For example,
The truck was driven
by Kim.
for Kim.
to Kim.
with Kim.
around Kim.
over Kim.
Notice how prepositions change the relationship between Kim and the verb.

20. How many prepositions do you see in the following sentence?4
After the accident Kim went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.

21.  Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunctions (most commonly used conjunctions):
and or
nor
but
for
so (used casually)
yet (used occasionally)
Pizza and burritos are Kim’s favorites, but she also enjoys hamburgers.

22.  Interjections show surprise, disbelief, or strong feeling.
Oops, I can’t believe I forgot the attachment again!
Wow! Did you feel that tremor?
Well, I think this wraps up our meeting.

23. Important Tip
The same word can function as different parts of speech depending on how it is used in a sentence. Consider the word service.
We received good service here. (Noun)
He operates a service station. (Adjective)
Did you service your car? (Verb)

24. Quick Summary of Parts of Speech
Namers
Nouns
Name things
Pronouns
Rename things
Performers
Verbs
Show action or link words
Describers
Adjectives
Describe nouns and pronouns
Adverbs
Describe verbs, adjectives, adverbs
Connectors
Prepositions
Join nouns, pronouns to sentence
Conjunctions
Connect words
Exclaimers
Interjections
Show strong feeling

25. Identify the part of speech for each word in this sentence:
Kim (noun)
becomes (verb)
happy (adjective)
when (conjunction)
she (pronoun)
receives (verb)
positive (adjective)
comments (noun)
Kim becomes happy when she receives positive comments.

26. Identify the part of speech for each word in this sentence:
Ryan (noun)
was (verb)
challenged (adjective)
but (conjunction)
he (pronoun)
quickly (adverb)
solved (verb)
the (article-adjective)
problem (noun)
Ryan was puzzled, but he quickly solved the problem.

27. Identify the part of speech for each word in this sentence:
They (noun)
worked (verb)
carefully (adverb)
on (preposition)
a (article-adjective)
big (adjective)
project (noun)
They worked carefully on a big project.

28. Identify the part of speech for each word in this sentence:
Kim (noun)
and (conjunction)
Ryan (noun)
prepared (verb)
two (adjective)
persuasive (adjective)
proposals (noun)
Kim and Ryan prepared two persuasive proposals.

29. Identify the part of speech for each word in this sentence:
Wow! (interjection)
The (adjective–article)
work (noun)
for (preposition)
the (adjective-article)
project (noun)
is (verb)
very (adverb)
hard (adjective)
Wow! The work for the project is very hard.

30. “The art of communication is the language of leadership.”
– James C. Humes, American presidential speechwriter (b. 1934)