Scope of Nursing Lecturer/ Hanaa Eisa Rawhia Salah

Definition of Scope of practice It is defined by the “who,” “what,” “where,” “when,” “why,” and “how” of nursing practice, including advanced practice nursing. It refers to the range of roles, functions, responsibilities and activities, which a nurse is educated, competent, and has the authority to perform

Learning outcome After completing this chapter, the students will be able to: Identify four major areas within the scope of nursing practice. Explain the Settings for Nursing. List Nursing activities

A. Types of clients Nurses provide care for: Three types of clients: individuals, families, and communities. B. Nursing practice involves four areas: Promoting health and wellness Preventing illness Restoring health Care of the dying.

1. Health Promoting and Wellness It is a science and art of helping people change their life styles toward optimal health and enjoy life to the fullest associated with wellness behavior rather than disease preventive one.

1. Health Promoting and Wellness It is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence of health

Promoting Health and Wellness cont’d Nursing activities Nurses promote wellness in clients who are both healthy and ill. The nurse should motivate individual and community to engage in healthy behaviors and considering beliefs and experiences of them to plan appropriate care and education.

Promoting Health and Wellness cont’d Examples: Improving nutrition and physical fitness Preventing drug and alcohol misuse Restricting smoking Preventing accidents & injury in the home and workplace.

2. Preventing Illness The goal is providing specific protection against disease to prevent its occurrence and to maintain optimal health. Immunizations Prenatal and infant care Prevention of sexually transmitted disease. Nursing activities

3. Restoring Health Focuses on the ill client and it extends from early detection of disease through helping the client during the recovery period.

3. Restoring Health Nursing activities Providing direct care to the ill person, such as administering medications, baths, and specific procedures and treatments. Performing diagnostic and assessment procedures (screening) , such as measuring blood pressure and examining feces for occult blood.

3. Restoring Health Nursing activities 3. Consulting with other health care professionals about client problems. 4. Teaching clients about recovery activities to minimize disease effect and prevent further disability. Theses activities are exercises that will accelerate recovery after a stroke.

3. Restoring Health Nursing activities 5. Rehabilitating is the process that achieves adaptation with health condition and prevent further dysfunction

4. Care of the Dying This area of nursing practice involves comforting and caring for people of all ages who are dying. It includes helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death and helping support person cope with death.

C. Healthcare Settings for Nursing In the past The acute care hospital was the main practice setting open to most nurses. Today many nurses work in Hospitals, but increasingly they work in clients homes ,Community agencies Ambulatory clinics , Long-term care, Health Maintenance Organization (HMOs), and Nursing practice centers.

D. Role of nurse Nurses have different degree of nursing autonomy &nursing responsibility in the various settings. They may provide direct care, teach clients and support persons, serve as nursing advocates and agents of change, and help determine health policies affecting consumers in the community and in hospitals.

Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice Establishing and implementing standards of practice are major functions of a professional organization. The standards: Reflect the values and priorities of the nursing profession.

Provide direction for professional nursing practice. Provide a framework for the evaluation of nursing practice. Define the profession's accountability to the public and client outcomes for which nurses are responsible.

(ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice: Assessment: the nurse collects patient health data. Diagnosis: the nurse analyzes the assessment data in determining diagnoses. Outcome identification: The nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to the patient.

Planning: the nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes. Implementation: the nurse implements the interventions identified in the plan of care. Evaluation: the nurse evaluates the patients progress toward attainment of outcomes.

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