Chapter 5

Question In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience…

Answer Secondary Succession

Question Which of the following best describes a successful individual in evolutionary terms? A. A successful individual possesses traits that are different from the traits of the rest of the population. B. A successful individual produces many offspring that possess unique traits. C. A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes. D. A successful individual will be well adapted to its environment and produce a few high quality offspring.

Answer C – A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes

Question An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an individual of another is called…

Answer Predation

Question In the Western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as…

Answer parasitic

Question A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is…

Answer Mutualism

Question The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is…

Answer The sun

Question In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?

Answer grass

Question A niche restricted by competition is a _______ niche.

Answer realized

Question In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?

Answer 5

Question A deer browsing on shrubs is an example of…

Answer Herbivory

Question The first level of all food pyramids consists of …

Answer Primary producers

Question A species with a restricted tolerance for environmental conditions is a ….

Answer Specialist

Question A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience _____ succession.

Answer Primary succession

Question If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive (3).

Answer Predators, parasites, and competitors

Question In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo – one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of…

Answer Resource partitioning

Question In the previous question, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain high levels of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?

Answer The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase

Question When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about…

Answer 90%

Question Humans are generally ______vores

Answer Omnivores

Question Any being that uses sun’s energy to create sugars is a …

Answer Primary producer

Question Two populations of deer species are separated when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts, the two populations have become different species. This is and example of allopatric _________.

Answer Speciation

Question Communities that are powered by the sun depend on ________ for their energy. (The answer is not primary producers)

Answer photosynthesis

Question Animals gathering around a water hole in a drought prone area and establishing hierarchies of access to the water is an example of ________.

Answer Competition

Question You have many species of bacteria living in your gut that help you with digestion. This relationship is best defined as …

Answer Commensalism/Mutualism

Question An _____ species is a species that has been introduced to a new area and lacks limiting factors.

Answer Invasive

Question True or False: A nation where most of the people eat primarily vegetarian diet will be able to support a lower population than it would if the people ate a lot of meat.

Answer False

Question The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes available at your local farmer’s market are the result of …

Answer Artificial selection

Question _______________ is an interaction in which an animal eats a plant.

Answer Herbivory

Question An organism’s ______ describes its use of resources and functional role in a community.

Answer Niche

Question ______ is an accidental change in DNA

Answer mutation

Question ______ consume nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and the dead bodies of other communities.

Answer detritivores

Question _____ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.

Answer Symbiosis

Question ____ is the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugars.

Answer Chemosynthesis

Question A species that has a strong and wide-ranging impact on a community is a _________ species.

Answer Keystone

Question ____ break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers

Answer decomposer