10/17 DO NOW ~ Take out Paper 1 & Review Correct Responses Students MAKE CORRECTIONS Your next exam will be a Paper I not a Paper II

Question 1A According to Source A which are Clemenceau’s points of view about justice towards the Germans? Can not be unreasonable towards Germans in fear of provoking the rise of nationalism Save the world from German aggression Justice must be served by the Germans

Question 1B What message is conveyed by Source E The Big Three have punished the Germans so much that the Treaty of Versailles will continue to effect the Germans for years to come

Question 2 Compare and contrast the views expressed about the Paris Peace Conference in sources C and D Similarities Both source C & D blame the leaders of the Paris Peace Conference of just worrying about their capitalist interests Treaties were forced on the people and not just Treaties created at Paris Peace Conference were a failure Differences Source D does agree to certain restrictions against Germany as long as Germany could recover economically Communist viewpoint did not support the idea of self – government or self – determination

Question 3 With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value of limitations for historians studying the Paris Peace Conference of Source B & D Source B Origin – Hitler, Mein Kampf 1925 Purpose – Show resentment of Germany being forced to sign Treaty of Versailles Value – Hitler would go onto to be the leader of Germany in WWII and would use the Paris Peace Conference as a way to persuade the people to believe in his views Limitations – Does not show other leaders goals, beliefs, aims, etc. at the Paris Peace Conf.

Question 3 With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value of limitations for historians studying the Paris Peace Conference of Source B & D Source D Origin – British delegate H. Nicolson at the Paris Peace Conference…book written ‘Peacemaking 1919’ Purpose – To report about the successes and failures at the Paris Peace Conference Value – H. Nicolson is a primary source because he attended the Paris Peace Conference and discusses the aims and goals when they arrived in Paris Limitation – Does not address the goals of other leaders especially the French who wanted to severely punish Germany

Question 4 “The Paris Peace Conference was guilty of disguising an imperialist peace under the surface of Wilsonism.” To what extend do you agree with Nicolson’s point of view. Agree Wilson & his 14 Points League of Nations Germans were held responsible for WWI (reparations, disarmament, etc.) Mandate System Britain wanted to protect its colonial empire Open Door Policy

10/16 DO NOW ~ Answer the following questions in your notebook Why were the Washington Naval Agreements successful? What did they accomplish (4 Power, 5 Power, & 9 Power)? Describe two other attempts at disarmament and how they were unsuccessful?

The German Problem Historian A. J. P. Taylor stated the treaties following WWI failed to solve the ‘German Problem’ Kaiser had fled Weimar Republic on the verge of revolution Germany recovery was inevitable = particular concern for France German people felt wronged by Treaty of Versailles and little support for democratic gov’t existed Return to Weltpolitik ~ ‘world policy’ as German dominance

Why was Germany still strong? Weak successor states France in decline Britain concerned with overseas empire USA policy of isolationism Problem how to contain German nationalism

Treaty of Rapallo 1922 Treaty of Versailles made Germany & Russia an outcast from Europe Russia & Germany form alliance for mutual benefit Included clauses for military co-operation & as well as building weapons Germany hoped to go around the military restrictions Long Civil War = no longer wanted to spread communism worldwide

The Anglo-American Guarantee Security was very important to France, was very afraid of another attack from Germany once Germany regained its strength France wanted the Rhineland area of Germany to be an independent state to protect itself. This state could either be neutral or under French influence. Wilson and George did not agree with this however they new that France would not give up unless it got a firm guarantee of military support from the United States and Britain. The Anglo-French agreement was signed on the 28 of June 1919

The Anglo-American Guarantee Wilson campaigned vigorously in the United States between 1919 and 1920 to win support for the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and for the United States to join the League of Nations  However the Anglo-American Guarantee was not accepted by the US Senate and so never took place When the United States did not accept the Guarantee, Britain withdrew from the agreement as well France no longer had a guaranteed military support from the United States and Britain

Ruhr Crisis

The Ruhr Crisis France was afraid for its security after the Anglo- American Guarantee was denied and disagreed with Britain about how to deal with Germany. Britain wanted Germany to be able to rebuild its economy so that it could benefit from the trade. France's goal was to weaken the German economy has much as possible through reparations France also needed these reparations to pay its debts to the USA When Germany missed a delivery of timber as part of her reparations, France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr region Britain was strongly against this

The Ruhr Crisis The goal of France was to collect the missed payment from the Germans by taking the goods from the mines and factories and shipping them to France The German workers did not co-operate with the French, instead they protested by destroying the goods, the mines and the factories The event broke out into a violent conflict and resulted in inflation The Weimar Government which already had a serious inflation problem made things worse by printing more money to help support the workers which resulted in disastrous inflation

Ruhr Crisis Results German Gains German Effects French Effects French Losses Increased German nationalism Resulted in violence France could not uphold Treaty of Versailles French prime minster Raymond Poincare would election in 1924 (leader of Ruhr invasion) Passive resistance would not be enough to break Treaty of Versailles - Workers evicted from Ruhr Occupation of Ruhr hurts France’s economy In order to get reparations France would have to co-operate w/ Germany Won sympathy from other nations (Britain) - 1000s jailed = need to maintain families No support from Britain Compensate for lack of industry Continue paying allies France sets up agreements with Little Entente & L. of N.

Dawes Plan 1924 Ruhr invasion showed the fact that issue of reparations needed to be reviewed Drawn up by US banker Charles Dawes Plan involved the issue of reparations and removal of French troops from the Ruhr Placed German rail & industry under international control to ensure reparation payments

Dawes Plan

Dawes Plan Implications Shown that even though the USA had not signed the Treaty of Versailles or joined the League of Nations the country could not remain totally isolated Flow of money into Germany created illusion of prosperity but economic recovery depended on US $ If US stopped paying loans to Germany they would be unable to pay reparations French saw the Dawes Plan as a greater way for Germany to recover French tried to establish security through Geneva Protocol