Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Political Life Variation in Types of Political Organization The Spread of State Societies Variation in Political Process Resolution of Conflict

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization  Band Organization  Tribal Organization  Chiefdom Organization  State Organization

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Table 14-1 (p. 249) Suggested Trends in Political Organization and Other Social Characteristics Table 14-1

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization Band Organization  Local group or community is the largest group that acts as a political unit  Typically small, less than 100 people  Informal leadership  Food Collecting  Egalitarian

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization Tribal Organization  Some multilocal integration  Small communities  Informal leadership  Extensive Agriculture or Herding  Egalitarian

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization Chiefdom Organization  Multilocal group  Large communities  Chief has higher rank than others  Extensive/intensive agriculture or herding  Rank society

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization State Organization  Multilocal group  Cities and Towns  Much specialization among political officials  Intensive agriculture and herding  Class and caste societies

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Variation in Types of Political Organization So, what factors are associated with variation in political organization? Aspects of variation in political organization are generally associated with shifts from food collection to more intensive food production, from small to large communities, from low to high population densities.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Spread of State Societies  The state level of political development has come to dominate the world.  Based on past history, a number of investigations have suggested that the entire world will eventually come to be politically integrated.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Explaining Warfare  The type of warfare varies in scope and complexity from society to society.  Preindustrial societies with higher warfare frequencies are likely to have had a history of unpredictable disasters that destroyed food supplies.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Can you think of other alternatives for state organization?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Political and Social Change Dramatic changes in a political system can occur more or less voluntarily.  Perhaps the most striking type of political change in recent years is the spread of participatory forms of government—”democracy.”