1. Chapter 8 Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism
Variation in Degree of Social Inequality
Egalitarian Societies
Rank Societies
Class Societies
Racism and Inequality
Ethnicity and Inequality
The Emergence of Stratification
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2. Variation in Degree of Social Inequality
Social Stratification
Social groups, such as families, classes, and ethnic groups, have unequal access to important advantages:
Economic resources
Power
Prestige
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3. Variation in Degree of Social Inequality
Egalitarian societies
Rank societies
Class societies
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4. Table 8-1 (p. 136) Stratification in Three Types of Societies
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5. Egalitarian Societies
Egalitarian societies contain no social groups with greater or lesser access to economic resources, power, or prestige.
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Rank Societies
Rank societies contain social groups that do not have very unequal access to economic resources or power, but they do have unequal access to prestige.
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Class Societies
Fully stratified or class societies range from somewhat open to virtually closed class, or caste, systems.
Open Class Systems
Recognition of Class
Caste Systems
Slavery
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Figure 8-1 (p. 141) Proportion of National Income Earned by the Richest 20 Percent of Households Compared with the Poorest 20 Percent: Selected Country Comparisons Source: These data are abstracted from 2001 World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001, pp
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Class Societies
Open Class Societies
Class systems are referred to as open if there is some possibility of moving from one class to another.
Degree of Openness
Degree of Inequality
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Class Societies
Caste Systems are characterized as extremely rigid and closed systems, with caste membership permanently determined at birth.
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Class Societies
Slavery has existed in various forms in many times and places, regardless of “race” and culture.
Slavery has ranged from closed class systems, or caste systems, to relatively open class systems.
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12. Racism and Inequality Race as a Construct of Biology
Racism is the belief that some “races” are inferior to others.
Race as a Construct of Biology
Race as a Social Category
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13. Ethnicity and Inequality
Ethnicity refers to common origins and language, a shared history, and selected cultural differences, such as difference in religion, that characterize a group of people.
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14. The Emergence of Stratification
Social stratification appears to have emerged relatively recently in human history, about 8,000 years ago based on archaeological evidence.
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