WWI-The Great War

Europe on Eve of WWI

Alliances- European nations form alliances to secure their imperialistic efforts and security at home. Alliances- European nations form alliances to secure their imperialistic efforts and security at home. Triple Alliance Triple Entente 1. Germany 2. Italy 3. Austria-Hungary 1. France 2. Great Britain 3. Russia (Entente Cordiale- “Friendly Understanding”)

Causes for WWI Imperialism- Competition among European nations to control as many colonies as possible. Imperialism- Competition among European nations to control as many colonies as possible. Raw materials obtained from the colonies fuels industry to make more weapons. Raw materials obtained from the colonies fuels industry to make more weapons. Helped increase the size of military Helped increase the size of military Nationalism- European nations believe that they are superior in culture and military. Nationalism- European nations believe that they are superior in culture and military. Countries had to demonstrate they were the superior power. Countries had to demonstrate they were the superior power.

Colonial Empires 1914

Militarism- The build up of arms creates competition among European nations. Militarism- The build up of arms creates competition among European nations. European countries have to keep up with each other. (Arms Race) (Military spending jumped 300% between 1870 and 1914) European countries have to keep up with each other. (Arms Race) (Military spending jumped 300% between 1870 and 1914)

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand- Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand- Balkan “Powder Keg”- Serbia was granted independence from Austria-Hungary in The Slavs, wanting to become a larger Slavic state, wanted to gain access to the Adriatic Sea. They were denied. Russia backed up Serbia because they too wanted a warm water port. Balkan “Powder Keg”- Serbia was granted independence from Austria-Hungary in The Slavs, wanting to become a larger Slavic state, wanted to gain access to the Adriatic Sea. They were denied. Russia backed up Serbia because they too wanted a warm water port. The stage is set. The stage is set. The “Black Hand”- a nationalist group wanted to unite Bosnia under Serbia. Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, The “Black Hand”- a nationalist group wanted to unite Bosnia under Serbia. Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, Do “Coming of Age” wksht Do “Coming of Age” wksht

THE BALKAN PENINSULA

The “Spark” of WWI 5 minutes after the this photograph was taken the Archduke was assassinated. Watch the “20 th Century Archduke Assassination”

Two Fronts Western Front- Germany, France, and England fought in a stalemate over a few miles of land. Western Front- Germany, France, and England fought in a stalemate over a few miles of land. “No Man’s Land”- The land in between the Central Powers trenches and the Allied trenches “No Man’s Land”- The land in between the Central Powers trenches and the Allied trenches ‘No Man’s Land”

Schlieffen Plan Called for German troops to bypass the heavily defended eastern border of France by pushing through Belgium into northern France. Called for German troops to bypass the heavily defended eastern border of France by pushing through Belgium into northern France.

Schlieffen Plan The Battle of the Marne stopped this attack just outside of Paris The Battle of the Marne stopped this attack just outside of Paris.

Eastern Front Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Russia fought in huge battles that had staggering casualties and prisoners. Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Russia fought in huge battles that had staggering casualties and prisoners.

Slaughter in the Trenches View DVD: World War I Color

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) This treaty, signed by the Russians, acknowledged that Russia was defeated in the war. Russia gave up huge amounts of Land (25% of their empire) (March 1918) This treaty, signed by the Russians, acknowledged that Russia was defeated in the war. Russia gave up huge amounts of Land (25% of their empire) Causes for defeat- Causes for defeat- Devastating losses Devastating losses Poor leadership Poor leadership Increasing discontent with Czar Nicholas II Increasing discontent with Czar Nicholas II Food Shortages Food Shortages Lack of weapons Lack of weapons

U.S. joins the Allies Causes for joining the war Unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of the Lusitania) Do u-boat worksheet Zimmerman Note- Aurthor Zimmerman (German Foreign Secretary to Mexico) sent a telegram that stated Mexico would gain land if they joined the Central Powers. Read Telegram

3. Propaganda- German posters that portrayed them as evil caused increasing pressure to declare war. Do Propaganda worksheet Congress declared war on Germany April 6, 1917 Congress declared war on Germany April 6, 1917

Propaganda

An armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 also known as Veteran’s Day was the end of World War I. armistice is an agreement to stop fighting

Wilson’s Fourteen Points On January 8, 1919 Wilson addressed the nation on how he proposes world peace. This speech is known as 14 points. On January 8, 1919 Wilson addressed the nation on how he proposes world peace. This speech is known as 14 points. 1. Open treaties of peace – Wilson believed that secret diplomacy led to the war. 2. Freedom of the Seas – Wilson believed that controlling shipping lanes leads to war. 3. Readjustment of borders and territorial settlements in Europe. Wilson believed that empire building leads to war. 4. The League of Nations- “A creation of the general associations of nations... To guarantee political independence.”

Treaty of Versailles “The Big Four” were the architects of the treaty: “The Big Four” were the architects of the treaty: 1. Woodrow Wilson- United States 2. David Lloyd George- Great Britain 3. George Clemenceau- France 4. Vitorrio Orlando- Italy

The Treaty of Versailles Do The Treaty of Versailles Activity Do The Treaty of Versailles Activity Students will examine the Treaty of Versailles and determine whether or not it was meant to prevent future wars or possibly start one. Students will examine the Treaty of Versailles and determine whether or not it was meant to prevent future wars or possibly start one. Students will also determine if the Treaty was meant to punish Germany. Students will also determine if the Treaty was meant to punish Germany.

The Terms 1. Germany was blamed for starting the war so they had to pay for all the damages (reparations) 2. Germany had to surrender all of its colonies to the Allies. 3. Germany was allowed only 100,000 men to serve in the military and could not build any submarines and tanks. 4. Austria and Germany were barred forever from uniting together. 5. The League of Nations was established to try and prevent any future wars. 6. Countries were formed from the former empires (Do map wksht)

Post WWI Europe The treaty allowed Poland to gain access to the Baltic Sea. The treaty allowed Poland to gain access to the Baltic Sea. Danzig became under control by the League of Nations Danzig became under control by the League of Nations

The League of Nations

Balfour Declaration Great Britain favored a “National Home for Jewish People” in Palestine

Casualties of WWI Do worksheet “Losses of WWI” About 10 million soldiers lost their lives About 21 million were wounded About 1 million civilian casualties The war cost about 350 billion dollars.

Casualties in WWI A symbol = 100,000 people