INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY (IRSA) “Inter Provincial Water Distribution and the Need for Reservoirs” Rao Irshad Ali Khan Member IRSA Punjab December 19, 2014 Presentation to LEAD Pakistan’s F-7 Markaz, Islamabad S.N: 01

3 WATER SCENARIO, At Independence, river inflow in Pakistan was 167 MAF (Western Rivers : Indus, Jhelum & Chenab + Eastern Rivers :Ravi, Sutlej & Beas) 2.Total irrigated land in Pakistan was 26 million acres against potential irrigable land of 77.1 million acres. 3.In 1947, partition/territorial division took place. All upstream control structures on Ravi, Beas and Sutlej fell in Indian Territory. Pakistan became a lower riparian. 4.In 1948, water flowing to Pakistan from Eastern rivers was stopped. 5.Twelve years of dispute settlement under the aegis of World Bank. 6.Initial effort was for co-operative use. Ultimately division of waters 7.For Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. For India: Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Transfer of Water from Western to Eastern rivers was necessitated. S.N: 02

The Water Agreements  Indus Waters Treaty 1960  Water Apportionment Accord 1991 S.N: 03

Inter-provincial Water Dispute The Inter-provincial dispute on Water Distribution was initiated during the construction of two mega Irrigation Projects i.e.  Sutlej Valley Canal Project1932  Sukkur Barrage1935 S.N: 04

Committees / commissions 1937Anderson Committee 1945Rau Commission 1968Akhtar Hussain Committee 1970Fazal-e-Akbar Committee 1976 Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq Commission) 1983Haleem Commission 1991Water Accord S.N: 05

Irrigation Network of Pakistan  Major Storage Reservoirs (No.) =3  Storage Capacity (MAF)=14.2  Barrages (No.)=19  Inter-River Link Canals (No.)=12  Canal Commands (No.)=52  Total length of Irrigation Canals= 38,000 Miles  Canal withdrawals capacity= 290,000 Cs  Watercourses (No.)=107,000 S.N: 06

Indus Basin Water Requirements Province Main Canal Systems (No.) Command Area (M. Acres) Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan20.97 Total S.N: 07

9 Rim Stations: Tarbela Nowshera Mangla Marala Tarbela Mangla Kabul Indus Jhelum Chenab Ravi Sutlej Chashma C-J T-P Sindh Barrages Legend Punjab Barrages Balochistan Canals KPK CRBC Reservoirs Major Rivers S.N: 08

Water Account Post Tarbela Average ( to ) (MAF) Western River Eastern River6.61 Total Western & Eastern River Provincial Utilization96.91 System Losses * D/S Kotri29.89 * Required D/S Kotri 8.6 MAF S.N: 09

Western & Eastern River Post Tarbela ( to ) (MAF) Rivers Kalabagh Mangla Marala Eastern Rivers Total Maximum Minimum Average S.N: 10

Comparison of Para 14 (b) vs Para 2 (MAF) Province Para 14 (b)%Para 2% Difference (4-2) % Increase Punjab Sindh Balochistan KPK Total S.N: 11

Comparison of Para 14 (b), 2 & 4 (Percentages) ProvincePara 14 (b)Para 2Para Punjab Sindh Balochistan KPK Total S.N: 12

14 Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA (THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003) Scenario I – Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses – Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991 Scenario II – Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses but < Para 2 of WAA 1991 – Actual Average System Uses are protected – Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI Scenario III – Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991 – Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected – Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991 Note:KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages S.N: 13

15 Para 6 The need for storages, wherever feasible on the Indus and other rivers was admitted and recognised by the participants for planned future agricultural development. S.N: 14

Reservoir Sedimentation ReservoirDesignedPresentSedimentation Tarbela Level MAF % Live Storage Mangla Level Live Storage Chashma Level Live Storage Total Storage % Mangla Raising 2013 Live Storage Total S.N: 15

Sr. #River Basin Average Annual flow (MAF) No. of Dams Storage Capacity (MAF) % age Storage 1Colorado Nile Sutlej Bias India (Total) , Yellow River Columbia Indus & others Rivers World20,000-8,00040 AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE CAPACITY OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS Source: Wapda S.N: 16

Provincial Allocations with Additional Storage (MAF) Province Pre Mangla Pre Tarbela Post Tarbela Post Kalabagh Post Bhasha & Akhori Punjab Sindh* **KPK Balochistan Total * Includes Balochistan ** Excluding Un-gauged Civil Canals S.N: 17

Recommended Escapage below Kotri Kharif AprMayJunJulAugSepTotal Cfs5000 MAF>= **) Rabi *) OctNovDecJanFebMarTotal cfs5000 MAF Annual3.6 +**) *) In a dry year the amount can be proportionally reduced in relation to the reductions in irrigation water supply **) A total volume of 25 MAF in any 5 years period (an annual equivalent of 5 MAF) to be released in a concentrated way as flood flow (Kharif period), to be adjusted according to the ruling storage in the reservoirs and the volume discharged in the four previous years. S.N: 18

1.22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri 2.Escapages D/S Kotri 3.Operation of Link Canals 4.Mangla Reservoir Filling 5.KPK’s objection on construction of Kalabagh Dam a) Nowshera will be drowned b) Swabi will be water logged S.N: 19 ISSUES

23 DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH SWABI CHARSADDA PABBI NOWSHERA MARDAN RESERVOIR RETENATION EL. 915 DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES LEVEL IN FEET HISARA DRAIN S.N: 21