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2 Universities behaving badly? Seminar for the Steinhardt Institute for Higher Education Policy New York University 28 February 2008 David Watson, Institute of Education, University of London

3 The ethical turn Although no one will deny that a business must be profitable, the sole pre- occupation with profit to the exclusion or neglect of other considerations is no longer acceptable. Manuel Mendonca and Rabindra Kanungo, Ethical Leadership, Open University Press (2007), p.3.

4 Howard Gardner et al., the “Goodwork” project. Work that is: of excellent technical quality; ethically pursued and socially responsible; engaging, enjoyable and feels good. Responsibility at Work (Jossey-Bass, 2007), p. 5.

5 Conditions of “good” professional work Alignment of: individual beliefs; values of the domain; forces of the field; reward system of the society. Ibid, p. 8.

6 The ethical “idea of a university” “The university reveals its own ethical standards in many ways, including its scrupulousness in upholding ethical standards, its decency and fairness in dealing with students and employees, and its sensitivity in relating to the community in which it resides.” Derek Bok, “Our Underachieving Colleges” (2006).

7 HE and the “benefit of the doubt” Like hospitals colleges have generally got the benefit of the doubt on the question of why they cost so much, and many people still regard them as selfless institutions above and beyond the self-serving rules of the marketplace. But their reputation for probity and virtue is deteriorating fast.” Andrew Delbanco, The New York Times

8 US universities behaving badly: a transatlantic view 1.Athletics 2.Hazing 3.Merit and need 4.Endowments and independence 5.Brokering private funding 6. Study abroad 7.League tables 8.Free speech? 9.Independence in research 10.Grade inflation

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10 Universities behaving badly (1): students (and their sponsors) Promotion and advice Admissions Merit vs. need Condescension

11 Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (1998). Students these days are, in general, nice. I choose the word carefully. They are not particularly moral or noble. Such niceness is a facet of democratic character when times are good. Neither war nor tyranny nor want has hardened them or made demands upon them. The wounds and rivalries caused by class distinction have disappeared along with any strong sense of class…..Students these days are pleasant, friendly and if not great-souled, at least not particularly mean-spirited. Their primary preoccupation is themselves, understood in the narrowest sense (Bloom, 1998: 82-83).

12 Universities behaving badly (2): staff Intimidation New managerialism? False consciousness Academic populism

13 The question of civility “Being a dean in an arts faculty is very tough. Why? Because colleagues in the social sciences and humanities have been trained to be hyper-critical. Their disciplinary expertise provides them with a toolbox of devices to dissect and unravel the implementation of the best-intended strategic initiatives. They increasingly exercise this talent in extraordinarily difficult funding environments…. They operate in an environment in which a quickly written may generate detailed semiotic analysis and imputation of ill intent. In the academic environment, very clever people may turn their very clever minds to negative ends. We can understand and rationalise this. It reflects in some ways colleagues' passionate commitment to their discipline, to their scholarship and their intellectual autonomy. It reflects the influence of the challenging, under-resourced environment in which we work. But it also may reflect an unwillingness to exercise what John Paul Lederach calls the moral imagination, the ability to empathise, to build peace, in this case with those who do their best to lead.” (Sharon Bell, “The Australian” 12 September 2007)

14 Universities behaving badly (3): the local community History Facilities “Studentification” Planning

15 Universities behaving badly (4): civil society Self-interest Stewardship

16 Universities behaving badly (5): partners and “stakeholders” Nurture and noise Sharing risk The public service alliance

17 Universities behaving badly (6): the state (and government) Crusades Truth-telling Do we really want autonomy?

18 Universities behaving badly (7): the global community Beyond the bottom line HE and development Environmental responsibility The mirage of “world-classness”

19 World-classness Statistics Politics Journalism

20 What makes a university world-class? The objective score board The subjective beauty contest

21 Shanghai Jiao Tong: 2004 and 2005 Alumni prizes10% Staff prizes20% Highly cited researchers20% Science citations20% Soc. Sci./Humanities citations20% Adjustment for size10%

22 THES 2005 Peer review40% Employer ratings10% Citations per FTE staff20% SSR20% International staff 5% International students 5%

23 World-classness What counts Research Media interest Graduate destinations Infrastructure International “executive” recruitment What doesn’t count Teaching quality Social mobility Services to business and the community Rural interests Other public services Collaboration The public interest

24 Universities behaving badly (8): the sector A “controlled reputational range” “Gangs” Reputation and quality

25 Reputation over quality “Institutions such as my own are outposts of serious and bright students of modest or low-income background taught by dedicated faculty who are often respected researchers as well. These institutions are home to a democratic institutional culture simply not possible at elite institutions…It is time that the national agonizing about the income bias of elite institutions shifts its focus to these institutions.” Lawrence Blum, The New York Review of Books.

26 Leadership issues Emotional intelligence Self-study Stewardship Security Corporate responsibility Joy (and mercy)

Discussion