The Prokaryotes 11b: Gram- Negative Bacteria

P: Aquificae Aquifex

P: Deinococcus-Thermus Deinococcus radiodurans TEM Thermus aquaticus = “Taq”

P: Chloroflexi = green non-sulfur bacteria Chloroflexus P: Chlorobi = green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium

P: Cyanobacteria Microcystis Anabaena Spirulina Oscillatoria Merismopedia

P: Cyanobacteria chloroplasts

C: Alpha Proteobacteria Nitrifying bacteria Azospirillum Nitrogen-fixers Nitrobacter Purple non-sulfur bacteria Root hair nodule Rhodospirillum Rhizobium

C: Alpha Proteobacteria Human pathogens - rickettsias Ehrlichia E. chaffeensis: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME; 1986) E. equi: Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE; 1993) Rickettsia R. prowazekii: epidemic typhus R. rickettsia: Rocky Mtn spotted fever R. typhi: endemic murine typhus Orienta tsutsugamushi: scrub typhus = island/chigger fever

C: Alpha Proteobacteria Human pathogens Bartonella B. henselae: cat-scratch fever B. bacilliformis: Carrion’s disease B. quintana: 5-day/trench fever brucellosis, undulant fever

C: Alpha Proteobacteria Prosthecate & budding Caulobacter See 11.20 too Vinegar-makers Acetobacter, Gluconobacter prostheca Hyphomicrobium

C: Alpha Proteobacteria crown gall Wolbachia Agrobacterium Inside insect egg

C: Alpha Proteobacteria mitochondria

C: Beta Proteobacteria Rhodocyclus: only non-alpha, purple non-sulfur nitrifying bacteria: Nitrosomonas Floc formers: Sphaerotilus recycle S: Thiobacillus Zoogloea

C: Beta Proteobacteria Human pathogens Bordetella Neisseria N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitides

C: Beta Proteobacteria Human pathogens Spirillum minus Burkholderia spp. flagella

C: Gamma Proteobacteria Free-living N fixers: Azotobacter, Azomonas Sulfur cyclers Beggiatoa Thiomargarita Purple sulfur bacteria Chromatium

C: Gamma Proteobacteria intracellular parasites Coxiella Legionella Methane-eaters Methylococcus

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics Gamma Proteobacteria F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics coliforms (lactose-fermenting) opportunists Escherichia coli Notable nasty strains: Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) Enteroinvasive (EIEC) Enteropathogenic (EPEC) Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) = E. coli O157:H7 Enterobacter Serratia Klebsiella Hafnia & Citrobacter

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics Gamma Proteobacteria F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics non-coliforms (non-lactose-fermenting) opportunists Providencia cells (SEM) Proteus colony Edwardsiella (colonies)

F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics frank pathogens Gamma Proteobacteria F: Enterobacteriaceae = enterics frank pathogens Shigella bacillary dysentery Salmonella S. enterica serovars S. typhi, S. paratyphi S. bongori Yersinia Yersinia enterocolitica & Y. pseudotuberculosis Yersinia pestis

C: Gamma Proteobacteria Family Vibrionaceae light on light off V. cholerae V. parahaemolyticus V. vulnificus V. fischeri

C: Gamma Proteobacteria Family Pasteurellaceae Pasteurella multocida Haemophilus H. influenzae H. ducreyi

C: Gamma Proteobacteria miscellaneous non-enterics Pseudomonas Francisella tularensis Moraxella M. lacunata M. catarrhalis Acinetobacter “Iraqibacter”

C: Delta Proteobacteria Myxobacteria Stigmatella C: Delta Proteobacteria Desulfovibrio Bdellovibrio

C: Epsilon Proteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni 2005 Nobel Prize in Medicine

Gemmata

P: Chlamydiae intracellular parasites Chlamydia trachomatis trachoma C. pneumoniae STI

P: Spirochaetes 2o = rash 3o =gumma Treponema T. pallidum pallidum syphilis T. p. endemicum bejel T. p. pertenue yaws T. carateum pinta 1o =chancre 2o = rash 3o =gumma Leptospira interrogans Borrelia B. recurrenti

Bacteroides P: Bacteroidetes Cytophaga Prevotella

P: Fusobacteria Fusobacterium

Lots more info on the web For example: - medical microbiology texts lots of pictures (use a browser that can get images or photos; eg: Google, AltaVista, etc.) microbe information sites eg: MicrobeWiki, Microbe of the Week, etc.