Chapter 2 – Operational Amplifiers Introduction Textbook CD

The OP-AMP Terminals Symbol Power Supplies

Fairchild uA702 – The first op-amp designed by Bob Widlar

The OP-AMP Terminals

The Ideal OP-AMP -V S v id Inverting Noninverting Output + _ i (-) i (+) v O = A d v id RORORORO A RiRiRiRi Open-loop gain Exercise 2.2

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS The Inverting Configuration The inverting closed-loop configuration. Closed-Loop Gain Virtual Short-Circuit Virtual Ground Negative and Positive Feedback

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS The Closed-Loop Gain Analysis of the inverting configuration -

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Exercise 2.1

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Input and Output Resistances

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS Exercise 2.2

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration With General Impedances Z1 Z2

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Integrator

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration PSpice Simulation Tips

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Differentiator Z1 = 1/sC Z2 = R

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Weighted Summer

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Non-Inverting Configuration vivi

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Voltage Follower

A difference amplifier. Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Difference Amplifier

Applications of superposition to the analysis of the current circuit of Fig Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Difference Amplifier

Finding the input resistance of the difference amplifier. Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Difference Amplifier – Input Resistances

Representation of the common-mode and differential components of the input signal to a difference amplifier. Note that v 1 = v CM - v d /2 and v 2 = v CM + v d /2. Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration The Difference Amplifier – Common-Mode and Differential Components of the input signal

(a) A popular circuit for an instrumentation amplifier. (b) Analysis of the circuit in (a) assuming ideal op-amps. (c) To make the gain variable, R 1 is implemented as the series combination of a fixed resister R 1f and a variable resistor R 1v. Resistor R 1f ensures that the maximum available gain is limited. Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration Instrumentation Amplifier

Open-loop gain of a typical general-purpose internally compensated op amp. Effect Of Finite Open-Loop Gain and Bandwidth On Circuit Performance fb = 3-db or break frequency ft = unity gain bandwidth

(a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform. (c) Linearly rising output waveform obtained when the amplifier is slew-rate limited. (d) Exponentially rising output waveform obtained when V is sufficiently small so that the initial slope (w t V) is smaller then or equal to SR.

Effect of slew-rate limiting on output sinusoidal waveforms.