Solanaceae: Solanales Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, vines Hairs: Often stellate, prickles or spines Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate (sometimes deeply lobed), may be adenate to stem Inflorescence: Determinate, cymose or solitary Flowers (overall): Showy, bisexual Floral Symmetry: Radial Calyx: 5 connate sepals, often persistant Corolla: 5 connate petals, rotate to tubular, plicate (folded), lobe end turned inward or reflexed

Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate, connivient anthers (touching) Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, tilted, superior ovary, terminal (gynobasic) style Placentation: axile Fruit: Berry or capsule Pollination regime: Bees, wasps & flies (pollen sp. only). Moths, butterflies (nectar sp.) Interesting Species: Tomato, eggplant, tobacco, jimsonweed, petunia Gestalt: " " Hairs, plicate corolla, berry, rotate flower, connivient anthers Solanaceae: Solanales

Potato, connivent anthers, plicate corolla

Buffalo-bur

Poisonous berries

Atropa belladonna, alkaloids used to treat heart problems

Physalis virginiana, ground cherry

Physalis alkekengi, Ornamental calyx

Nicotina sp.

Brugmansia sp. tree plicate corolla

Nightshade

Alt leaves, Plicate corolla,

Boraginaceae:Solanales Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees, woody vines(lianas) Hairs: Rough bristly hairs Leaves: Alternate, simple, exstipulate Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual, funellform or tubular Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals

Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate the lobes Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, deeply 4-lobed, gynobasic style (or terminal), superior ovary, nectar disc around ovary base Placentation: axile Fruit: 4-parted nutlet Pollination regime: bees wasps, butterflies, flies, (also moths, beetles, bats and birds) Interesting Species:Heliotrope, borage, hounds tongue, forget- me-not, bluebells, amsinkia, popcorn flower Gestalt: round stems, 4-part nutlet, gynobasic style, bristly, helicoid cyme, often toxic ( alkaloids, nitrates), " " Boraginaceae:Solanales

Bristles, Helicoid cyme 5 pattern Alt. stamens

4-part ovary, Gynobasic style bristles

Forget me nots

Popcorn flower

Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales Habit: Herbs and shrubs Hairs: hairy or spiny Leaves: Alternate (basal), simple but sometimes compound Inflorescence: Helicoid (Scorpoid) cyme, determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual, rotate Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals, often with appendages within

Boraginaceae("Hydrophyllaceae") :Solanales Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens, alternate lobes Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, styles often 2- lobed, not gynobasic numerous ovules on 2 parietal placentas Placentation: parietal Fruit: capsule Interesting Species: Baby blue eyes, phacelia Gestalt: helicoid cyme, round stem, split style, hairy, entire ovary, many ovules on parietal placenta (look for this in lab), " "

Split style

Atypical

Apocynaceae:Gentianales Habit: Trees, shrubs, vines, herbs with milky sap Leaves: Simple, entire, opposite or whorled, exstipulate Inflorescence: Racemose, cymose or solitary, often determinate Flowers (overall): Bisexual Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals, glandular inside Corolla: 5 connate petals, spiral or contorted in bud Androecium: 5 epipetalous stamens

Apocynaceae:Gentianales Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels (apically united), ovary superior or half- inferior Placentation: Marginal Fruit: follicle, capsule, drupe or berry, seed with tuft of hair Pollination regime: great diversity, specialized mechanisms, 3-zone style (deposition, sticky middle, reception) [get nectar from base of stylar head and deposit pollen, get sticky, pick up pollen on the way out] Other comments: Contain poisons, poison arrows Interesting Species: Vinca, Oleander, Dogbane Gestalt: Milky sap, opposite leaves, contorted bud, " ", glandular calyx. 3-part style

Apocynaceae("Asclepiadaceae") :Gentianales Corolla: reflexed petals Androecium: 5 stamens = 5 x 2 united pollinia, corona(nectar accumulates here), adenate to gynoecium Gynoecium: elaborate 3-part structure Fruit: pair of follicles Pollination regime: get nectar from corolla, foot get lodged on pollinia, fly away, dislodged on next flower.

Asclepias sullivantii Umbels Sap Opposite leaves

Asclepias sp Sepals, Petals, corona

Stapelia, smells like rotting flesh

Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales Habit:Herbs Leaves: Basal rosette, prominant parallel veins Inflorescence: Scapose, stout or wirey scapes, spike Flowers (overall): bisexual Floral Symmetry: Actinomorphic Calyx: 4 connate sepals, herbaceous Corolla: 4 connate petals, scarious

Plantaginaceae ("Old Plantaginaceae"):Lamiales Androecium: 4 epipetalous stamens Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, superior Placentation: axile, basal Gestalt: Basal rosette, wirey scape, 4-merous flowers, spike

Habit: Herbs, rarely trees Leaves: Simple exstipulate Inflorescence: variable Flowers (overall): Bisexual Floral Symmetry: Zygomorphic Calyx: 5 connate sepals Corolla: 5 connate petals, 2 lipped, 2 upper + 3 lower Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales

Androecium: 2 or 4 stamens, didynamous (2long, 2 short) + staminode Gynoecium: 2 connate carpels, ovary superior, style terminal Placentation: axile Fruit: capsule (berry) Pollination regime: bees flies birds (nectar) nectar guides often present Notes: hemiparisites moved to Orobanchaceae (Aureolaria, Castilleja, Pedicularis, Agalinis, Buchnera). Verbascum and Scrophularia retained in Scrophulariaaceae Gestalt: 2-lipped, staminode, didynamous Plantaginaceae ("Old Scrophulariaceae"):Lamiales

Penstemon pallidus 2 lipped landing platform

Penstemon didynamous

snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus

Calceolaria sp

Blue-eyed Mary, Collinsia verna Strongly 2-lipped

Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Heart medicine

Butter-and-eggs, Linaria vulgaris, long nectar spur

Pedicularis Canadensis capsules open on upper side hemiparisite