User-Centred Design a challenge for the future (lecture-1) Prof. dr. Matthias Rauterberg Faculty Industrial Design Technical University Eindhoven

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e2 Course overview Part 1: What is user centred design? real humans models of humans Part 2: How to investigate users? observation (physical traces, environmental behavior) interview, questionniare archive analysis (newsletter, book, internet, museum) Part 3: How to design a product? product development stages user involvement

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e3 Questions: - What is going wrong? - Why is it wrong? - What can be done to prevent these kinds of mismatches?

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e4 Three Aspects of Mental Models The design model –what the designer has in mind about the system the user’s model –what the user think about the system might work the system image –how the system actually works

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e5 The user-needs gap Designers cooperate primarily with the paying clients Designers often do not know the end-users Paying clients often do not know the end-users

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e6 Principle #1: Know Your Users Exercise-1 write down your address & homepage write down your study/subject answer the following question: –What do you expect from this lecture?

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e7 Principle #2: Involve Users Early and Continuously Exercise-2 answer the following questions: –What kind of living environment / product / service do you want to investigate? –What kind of futuristic scenario do you want to develop?

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e8 Why are users similar?

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e9 Why are users different? genetic differences –gender, color of the skin, size, etc. family background –traditions, social status, religion, prosperity, etc. peer group background –age, interests, habits, attitudes, etc. society/nationality –culture, language, habits, attitudes, laws, etc.

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e10 Causes for individual behavior Internal factors –genes –physiological aspects –psychological aspects –cognitive experiences –emotional experiences External factors –family –school/education –peer group –work environment –living environment –written laws –unwritten “laws” –taboos

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e11 Get familiar with your neighbor Exercise-3 –talk to your neighbor 3 minutes about some aspects/experiences of/in your life –your neighbor has to listen carefully, and to repeat what you said as accurate as possible –do this exercise again with changed roles

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e12 How do we perceive the world? Senses –eyes –ears –nose –taste –skin –haptic mind & memory “heart”

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e13 Get familiar with feelings Exercise-4 –talk to your neighbor 3 minutes about some emotional experiences in your life –your neighbor has to listen carefully, and to give feedback about his/her impression of your actual feelings now here in this room while you are talking –do this exercise again with changed roles

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e14 Models of users the naive vis-à-vis prototyp (don’t use this for design!) a model in form of an axiom system a known system with structure and behavior analogous to the system under consideration a prototypical system (the ideal user) an abstract description of the relevant aspects of a system (e.g., a mental model)

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e15

© M. Rauterberg, TU/e16 The cognitive science view