Parliamentarians and Mainstreaming Energy Access Gregory Woodsworth Energy Policy Advisor United Nations Development Programme

EAC energy access strategy 84% of households use biomass 3% rural, 32% urban connected to grid Bonn Conference, GFSE, E4D Ministers: Move beyond Business as Usual Commitment to meet the MDGs MDG framework: domestic fuels, electricity where cost effective, motive power Energy Access = Electrification from national grid

coal oil natural gas sunlight wind biomass electricity charcoal biofuels LPG/propane Sources Extraction Treatment Conversion Technologies Distribution Service Technologies Carriers (fuels) Services Electricity, grid, truck,railway, women light bulb, automobile, refrigerator, gas stove, arc welder, water pump Architecture of the Energy System communicationtransportationkeeping warm/coldfood health caresecuritypotable waterconsumer goods Coal mining, tree felling, oil/gas recovery etc Coal/gas fired power plant, photovoltaic panels wind turbines, biogas digester

August 2005November 2006 Development of the Energy Access Strategy

Energy Access Strategy Profile will provide improved energy access for about 50% (48 million people) of the region’s population. Energy access targets can be met with an approach that has high impact, low cost and is scaleable by 2015 Development of priority MDG-based energy access investment programmes EAC - regional coordinating institution

MDG-based Energy targets for 2015 Target 1: Enable the use of modern fuels for 50% of those who at present use traditional biomass for cooking - improved cookstoves, reduce indoor air pollution, increase sustainable biomass production. Target 2: Access to electricity for all urban and peri-urban poor. Target 3: Access to modern energy services such as lighting, refrigeration, information and communication technology, and water treatment and supply for all schools, clinics, hospitals and community centres. Target 4: Access to mechanical power within the community for all communities for heating and productive uses.

Target Population Focus Access level 2004 Access level 2004 (%) Access objective 2015 Access level 2015 (%) Target 1 – Modern fuels for cooking. Urban poor (M HHs) % % Rural poor (M HHs) % % Target 2 – Access to reliable modern electricity services for all urban and peri-urban poor. Urban poor (M HHs) % % Urban slums (M HHs) % % Target 3 – Modern energy for services for all schools, clinics, hospitals and community centers. Schools 1, % 41, % Clinics % 15, % Hospitals % % Target 4 – Access to mechanical power for all communities for productive uses. Rural communities % 24, %

Overall Investment Plan Sources of fundsUses of funds Soft costs $510 $2660 $220 $290 $1020 $1610 US$M Total: $3170 $290 $0 $500 $1000 $1500 $2000 $2500 $3000 $3500 Capital Expenditure ProgramsLoan Guarantees Conces- sional Finance National Budget and Donor Grants End User Willingness to Pay Baseline subsidy $1050

Mainstreaming Energy Access Investments will not happen without prioritization of energy access Mainstreaming energy access at present: Political commitment; approval by EAC Council of Ministers and Heads of State (top down) Technical response; multi-sectoral working groups (bottom up)

Working Hypothesis Strategies that provide: regional and national quantifiable and time-bound energy access targets, programme implementation frameworks, investment plans, and Backed by political commitment, present Parlimentarians the means to influence the policy framework (PRSP) and budgetary allocations (MTEF) Mechanisms: finance/budget committees and sector committees Special cases: Constituency Development Funds Aligning political commitment, public policy and public expenditure.

More Questions than Answers Role of parliament in influencing energy access policy framework and budgetary allocations? What can parliamentarians do with a regional strategy vs. energy access legislation? Relationship between regional and national assemblies? What are the most effective interventions? Awareness raising? Capacity building? Model legislation? Technical support?