Biological Foundations: Puberty How to cope with others’ responses; How to deal with sexual arousal; Puberty is the key developmental challenge in adolescence.

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Foundations: Puberty How to cope with others’ responses; How to deal with sexual arousal; Puberty is the key developmental challenge in adolescence. The marker event for entry into adolescence.

Puberty q Pubertal status q Pubertal timing q What is pubescence? q Neuro-physical activities that stimulate puberty

Pubertal systems  What’s going on in there? Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

The Major Endocrine Glands Involved in Pubertal Change

Hypothalamus l Monitors levels of androgens and estrogens. l LH-RF (lutenizing hormone- releasing factor) and FSH-RF (follical stimulating hormone- releasing factor) stimulate pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland The master gland, it: Regulates LH (lutenizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone); stimulates growth of the gonads (e.g., testes in males, ovaries in females).

Puberty  Physical Changes  Boundaries and Determinants  Hormonal Changes Hormone Levels by Sex and Pubertal Stage for Testosterone

The 5 Pubertal Stages of Male and Female Sexual Development

Timing and onset of puberty l The average age of onset of puberty shows a secular trend over the past century towards earlier occurrence. l This is thought to be related to better nutrition and health care.

Puberty  Physical Changes  Height and Weight  Sexual Maturation

Sequence of changes v Female Characteristics Growth of breasts (7-13 years) Growth of pubic hair (7-14 years) Body growth ( years) Menarche ( years) Underarm hair (1-2 years after pubic hair) Skin oil & sweat

Sequence of changes v Male Characteristics Growth of testes (10-13 years) Growth of pubic hair (10-15 years) Body growth ( years) Growth of penis ( years) Voice change ( years) Facial and underarm hair (1-2 years after pubic hair)

Primary sex characteristics l FEMALE Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina l MALE Testes Penis Scrotum Seminal vesicles Prostate gland

Secondary sex characteristics l FEMALES Breasts Pubic hair Axillary (underarm) hair Voice changes Skin changes Increased width and depth of pelvis l MALES Pubic hair Axillary hair Muscular development Facial hair Voice changes Skin changes Broadened shoulders

Pubertal Timing -Early maturers -On time maturers -Late maturers

Pubertal Timing Discussions with knowledgeable healthcare providers and parents can improve the coping abilities of the off- time adolescent

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