Chapter 1 Matter and Change

Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Branches of Chemistry Organic – carbon containing Inorganic – non-carbon containing Physical – matter related to energy Analytical – components/composition Biochemistry – life processes Theoretical – predict properties of new compounds.

Research Basic Research: Carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. Applied Research: Carried out to solve a problem. Technological Development: Production and use of products that improve our quality of life.

Chapter 1 Matter and Its Properties

Matter matters… Mass is amount of matter Matter has mass and takes up space Atom-smallest unit of an element Element-made of one kind of atom Compound-made of atoms of two or more elements

Properties and Changes in Matter Extensive-depend on amount of matter present (mass, volume, etc.) Intensive-does not depend on amount (melting/boiling point, density, etc.)

Change of State Matter can exist in 4 states through physical changes Solid-definite volume/shape Liquid-definite volume, shape of container Gas-no definite shape or volume Plasma-atoms lose their electrons, high energy (sun, fluorescent bulbs)

Physical vs. Chemical Changes Physical-does not involve a change in identity –Cutting, melting, boiling Chemical-involves a change into different substances –Burning, rusting, decomposition

Classification of Matter Mixture-blend of matter (each component retains properties) –Homogenous: uniform composition –Heterogeneous: not uniform Pure substance-fixed composition –Elements –Compounds

Distillation