1. St. Augustine Preparatory School 2015/2016
Chemistry Chapter 1
St. Augustine Preparatory School
2015/2016

2. What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany the processes

3. There are numerous fields of chemistry
Organic chem: study of carbon containing compounds
Inorganic chem: study of non-carbon containing (non-organic) compounds
Physical chem: the study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Analytical chem: identification of the components and composition of materials

4. There are numerous fields of chemistry
Biochemistry: study of processes and substances occurring in living things
Theoretical chem: Using mathematics and computers to understand the principals behind observed chemical behaviours

5. Research Basic research – common knowledge
Applied research – solving specific problems
Technological Development – usually slower moving and further behind the research

6. Mass vs. Matter Mass is a measure of the amount of matter
So then matter could be defined as:

7. Mass vs. Matter Mass is a measure of the amount of matter
So then matter could be defined as:
Anything that has mass and takes up space

8. Atoms
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.

9. Elements
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of only one type of atom
Many elements are diatomic, meaning they exist in pairs of two (HOFBrINCl or the “7 that make a 7”)
Elemental phosphorous is found in groups of four
Elemental sulfur is found in groups of eight

11. Substances have characteristic properties
Extensive Properties: depend on the amount of matter that is present. (Volume, mass, and the amount of energy)
Intensive properties: do not depend on the amount of matter (Boiling point, melting point, ability to conduct electricity)

12. There are also physical and chemical properties
Physical properties: a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Boiling point
Melting point
Density
Color
Lustre

13. Physical Change
Any change that does not alter the identity of the substance

14. Changes to the states of matter are Physical Changes
In groups of 3, you will read about solids, liquids, and gases on page 8 and 9 of your textbook
Each individual in your group is responsible for reading one section and then explaining to their group what was mentioned in his/her section
**Pay close attention to whether your state has a definite volume or takes the shape of a container**

15. Chemical Changes
When chemical changes occur, the actual composition of the chemical is changed and new substances are formed
Some signs of a chemical change (there are lots more):
Color change
Bubbling (from gas) in a reaction
Formation of a solid (precipitate)
Light is emitted

16. Are the following physical or chemical changes?
A hot glass shatters when put into cold water
Wood is burned in a fireplace
A nail in a piece of wood rusting
Tearing a piece of paper in half
Food molding
Perfume evaporating off of your skin
Butter melting
8) Moth balls vaporizing in a closet

17. Matter can be a pure substance or a mixture
Read pages 11, 12, and 13 on mixtures and pure substances. At the end, you should be able to sort different substances into:
Mixtures or Pure substances
Compounds, Elements, Heterogeneous mixtures, and Homogeneous mixtures
*Try to think of an everyday example of each of the above categories