What is an argument?. What is a written argument?  It is always about the topic of the text.  It is a claim or claims an author makes about how things.

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Presentation transcript:

What is an argument?

What is a written argument?  It is always about the topic of the text.  It is a claim or claims an author makes about how things are or should be.  It is supported by evidence.  It’s purpose is to convince, to inquire, to persuade, or to negotiate.

What is evidence?  It comes in various forms such as: 1.Personal experience (anecdotes) 2.Statistics/facts (data) 3.Allusion (making a reference) 4.Authority (expert information) 5.Examples (a comparison of similar events) 6.Analogy (a comparison of unlike things) 7.Hypothetical situation (description of situation that is not real)

Example of claim  Claim: Alcohol is a drug and should be treated as one.

Personal experience (anecdotes)  My uncle started drinking to escape the stress at work and now he is addicted to alcohol.

Statistics/facts (data)  According to a recent study, in the United States alone, approximately 14 million people combat some form of alcohol abuse.

Allusion (making a reference)  If people don’t stop drinking, alcoholism will reach epidemic proportions like the swine flu.

Authority (expert information)  According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), "Alcoholism is a chronic, often progressive disease with symptoms that include a strong need to drink despite negative consequences, such as serious job or health problems.

Examples (a comparison of similar events)  An addiction to alcohol is no different than an addiction to heroin. Even though alcohol is legal and heroin is illegal, the addict suffers the same fate. =

Analogy (a comparison of unlike things)  Asking an alcoholic to give up drinking is like asking a teenager to give up texting.

Hypothetical situation (description of situation that is not real)  Imagine being an accident victim of a drunk driver who thought he was okay to drive because he hadn’t been taking drugs.

Assignment  Practice identifying the seven types of evidence.  Claim: The drinking age of twenty- one creates more problems than it solves.