MoonLab Human Resources Function To Support Human Presence on The Moon Luciano BATTOCCHIO, Francesco MAZZUCA Walter PECORELLA, Franco ROSSITTO Solidarietà e Sviluppo and Moon Base Italia Working Group The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 2 The International Conference “Moon Base: A Challenge for Humanity” Italy has acquired a position of excellence in the development of manned Orbital Systems, subsystems and engineering support activities (e.g.: for the ISS). Intense collaboration relationships are established with the European nations, including Russia, and with the United States. These conditions will guarantee Italy a leading role in the Human Space Exploration, considering that the Moon Base is a real Challenge for Humanity. To promote the Italian participation to Moon Exploration, an International Conference on Moon Base has been organised in two workshops.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 3 The International Conference “Moon Base: A Challenge for Humanity” The Conference was organized by the “Moon Base Italia” working group, representing a group of professionals working in Research Centers and in Space Industries The conference was organized in two workshops, the first held in Venice, May 2005, and the second held in Washington, D.C., October Participants to the two workshops were highly qualified specialists from U.S.A., Russia, ESA and Italy

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 4 Venice workshop Venice workshop established: 1) the agreement on the setting-up and utilization of a permanently manned Moon Base, as a fundamental element for future space activities. 2) the political willingness from Italy and the United States of evolving the present bilateral cooperation in the context of Human Exploration. 3) the interest of the other entities (Russia, ESA) to participate to Moon Base programme.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 5 Washington workshop Main outcomes of the Washington workshop are: 1)the recognition of the Italian capability of “creating a system”, since large and small industries and research institutions are able to work together; 2)NASA, industries, public and private institutions from the United States are fully available to cooperate with Italy. This bilateral cooperation will constitute the first nucleus of an international project, to be open progressively to the European partners, firstly Russia, and then to the others.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 6 An opportunity for Italy (1) A new important opportunity exists for Italy of a direct participation, as a first level partner, to the Lunar Colonisation (Moon Base) Programme. The Italian participation to this Programme can be seen not only in the technical and scientific role, but also political and diplomatic, by taking into account the global interests, e.g. the involvement of Russia and the negotiations of the rules for the exploitation of the Lunar resources in the frame of the existing international treaties.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 7 An opportunity for Italy (2) Opportunity for Italy is the same to say opportunity for Europe Italy is fully committed in the developing of a international cooperation in which the entire Europe will be included (the Moon Programme is big enough): in this perspective the role for Italy has been as “pathfinder” As pathfinder, Italy role is also to make easy the development of an international cooperation that includes the big players The International cooperation has to grow “Step by Step”, according to main rules: –“First come first served”: we have to guarantee the privilege to be the first for the countries that founded the programme –“The Moon smiles to everyone”: we have to guarantee the opportunity to every country to participate to the programme, also in the future.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 8 The role of Italy (1) Italy is candidate to take over the responsibility of some “work packages”, in the framework of the mission coordination, under an international leadership, as shown above. A first analysis shows an Italian participation on three major lines.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 9 The role of Italy (2) 1.Activities relevant to the human presence on the Moon(“habitation”), that encompass: –Habitation, habitation modules, support systems (space greenhouse), Closed Ecological Life Support Systems, etc. –Space Medicine and Life Sciences, –Training, Human Factors and Ergonomy –System Logistics

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 10 The role of Italy (3) 2.Activities supporting the human permanence on the Moon (“Mission Support”), that encompass: –Mission Analysis, –Operation Support, –Earth-Moon Communications, –Moon-Moon Communications, –Lunar Navigation, –Transportation on the Lunar surface and Robotics.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 11 The role of Italy (4) 3.Activities relevant to the exploitation of the Lunar resources (“Utilization”), that include: –Science: astrophysics, Lunar Geology, –Exploitation of the Lunar energy resources for both the Moon and the Earth, –Earth Observation.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 12 The role of Italy (5) As an outcome of the two Workshops, it has been internationally recognised the technical and industrial capability of Italy in the effective management of the “work packages” quoted above, but also the existence of a scientific community of outstanding international relevance. This opens for Italy the opportunity of playing a first level role in the coordination of the Moon Base “activities on the Moon”. The first application to be implemented on the Moon, that could be coordinated by Italy, could be the Condominium of Observatories.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 13 The MoonLab concept Base Assumptions No one today is able to offer a consolidated project for a permanent human presence on another planet. Space Technologies are not able to meet all the requirements. Moon Base can be seen as the biggest cultural challenge that includes all the technical and scientific items, even no space. We have to prepare ourselves to share resources and using gained experiences, coming from industries and research centres, public and private initiatives, different countries and international bodies. We need a common place, a common lab, in which we can implement this approach: the Moon Lab

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 14 The MoonLab concept (cont’d)

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 15 Why MoonLab ? (1) The participation in the Moon Base Programme will face new technological challenges: a lot of research and development activities are required. To guarantee a significant role in the Moon Base Programme it is of utmost importance to invest new resources in the studies on the Lunar problems. For these reasons, it is of primary importance to develop a project that allows for the acquisition of qualifying technologies. One way for the acquisition of these technologies is based on the setting up a network of Laboratories (MoonLab) where the definition of requirements, the studies on the technical hypotheses, the realisation of mathematical as well as experimental models, testing and setting up experiments to be performed in orbit or on the Moon, will be possible.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 16 Why MoonLab ? (2) We expect that this operations will lead to: Supporting the Industries, Universities and Research Centres, by offering an equipped environment for their Research and Development activities; Acquiring the qualifying technologies necessaries for the Moon Base Programme; Allowing companies and interested Public Institutions to join competences and abilities, to evolve into a single integrated system; Binding the Moon Base activities to the territory, where the acquired experiences could be redirected to new Moon Base applications; Managing the spin-off of this Programme and maximising the advantage in the competitiveness of the national industrial system; Allowing the development of new companies linked to Moon Base, both spin-in or spin-off of the Programme.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 17 Italian MoonLab: Organization LIFE SUPPORT CENTRE MISSION SUPPORT CENTRE APPLICATIONS CENTRE

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 18 Italian MoonLab: Organization Aprilia Livorno Udine Bari Bolzano Torino Fucino Pisa Milano Napoli Lecco Bologna München-TUM Cagliari-SRT Genova Capua-CIRA Trieste Firenze Catania Roma Padova

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 19 Life Support General purpose pressurised modules (rigid and inflatable) Internal fittings for habitation modules Pressurised laboratories Radiation protection Closed Environmental Control Systems, with air regeneration, water, wastes… Space greenhouses and agrospace Life Sciences Space Medicine Training Human Factors and Ergonomy System Logistics Engineering (Requirements, Analysis, Life cycle) In the “MoonLab” network, the “Life Support Centre” will develop the qualifying technologies relevant to the human presence on the Moon. The principal themes to be developed are:

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 20 Mission Support Flight Dynamics Strategies Lunar Territory Analysis for the sites identification (Moon GIS) Airbag Techniques for the material landing on the Moon Operations and Telemetry Control Centres Telepresence and Teleport Earth-Moon Communication Systems in Moon orbit Robotic Supports Lunar Navigation Systems (Galileo on the Moon) Transportation Systems on the Moon Energy Production Systems Moon Base Information Portal Outreach In the “MOONLAB” network, the “Mission Support Centre“ will develop qualifying technologies relevant to the necessary support to the Lunar missions. The principal themes to be developed are:

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 21 Applications Observation of the Universe Lunar Geology Earth Observation Communications (e.g.: Lunar node for Internet via satellite) Electrical energy production “traditional” (solar cells etc.) to be used on the Moon Electrical energy production “innovative” (fusion etc.) Energy transmission from the Moon to the Earth Semiconductors production In the “MOONLAB” network, the “Applications Centre“ will develop qualifying technologies relevant to the exploitation of the Lunar resources. The principal themes to be developed are:

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 22 MoonLab Human Resources Function (1) The Human Resources Function of MoonLab will be part of the Life Support and it will consider all the functions related with the well-being of the Humans on the Moon. The Human resources Function will therefore cover the following aspects: -Ergonomy -Space and Lunar Medicine -Life sciences -Training -Psychology

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 23 MoonLab Human Resources Function (2) The MoonLab Human Resources Function will cover all the phases of the Moon Base Programme: -design of the equipment, -astronauts training - support to operations

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 24 MoonLab Human Resources Function (3) Some interesting examples of MoonLab HRF intervention are: -Psychological support starting from the architectural design of the Moon Base: the presence of a Moon Greenhouse will have important benefits to the Moon explorer. MoonLab will also support the necessary involvement of non-space industries and Research Centres that have the necessary know-how (spin-in). -Space Medicine will have positive results not only for the Moon explorers, but also for the “normal” people living on the Earth: MoonLab will support the distribution of the benefits to the “normal” people (spin-off).

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 25 International MoonLab

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 26 International MoonLab The scheme of the MoonLab is not exclusive for Italy; as a matter of fact, it could be implemented at different levels, in order to cover all the possible aspects of a Moon exploration Mission. In this case, it will be possible to set-up an International MoonLab that will connect in an enlarged network all the International entities interested in the development of Moon Base.

The XIIIth Conference On Space Biology and Aerospace Medicine - Moscow 27 European MoonLab A possible network Aprilia Livorno Udine Bari Bolzano Torino Fucino Pisa Milano Napoli Lecco Bologna München-TUM Cagliari-SRT Genova Capua-CIRA Trieste Firenze Catania Roma Padova Oberpfaffenhofen Bremen Toulouse ESA-ESTEC Moscow-IMBP Losanna Barcellona