Cake B

Smart Grid Description –Communication between grid and appliances –Peak load shaving and elimination of vampire loads CO 2 savings from distribution and transmission losses is ~ 40 million tons CO 2 savings from vampire load elimination is 760 million tons Total is 800 million tons 1 billion tons will be reached by V2G technology made possible by the smart grid

Increasing Vehicle Efficiency Facts –Passenger Vehicles on Road= 244mil –New Vehicles Purchased / Year = 16mil –Average MPG of New Car = 21mpg –Average Annual Miles Driven = 11,360mi –CO2 / Gallon of Gas = 18lbs

Increasing Vehicle Efficiency Assumptions –Can only affect new vehicles, not existing fleet –Can achieve fuel economy of 40mpg on average –Emissions reductions from previous years continue to factor in until the vehicles from that year have been retired –Average retirement age is 15 years

Increasing Vehicle Efficiency

Coal to Nuclear Transition The replacement of 1% of current coal fired power with nuclear power will reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 1 billion tons over 47 yrs. This is equivalent to the replacement of approximately 890 million MWh of coal fired production with nuclear power.

Building infrastructure 2.5 billion tons of CO2 from residential sector/year 6 billion tons of CO2 from industrial 3.3 billion tons of CO2 from commercial sector/year –Saving 1 Billion Tons of CO2 via 20% of residential & commercial Industrial is difficult to reduce