Introduction to Web Pages

Slide 2 Lecture Overview Evolution of the Internet and Web Web Protocols

Slide 3 History of the Internet It began as the ARPANET It became NSFNET while funded by the National Science Foundation There was no WWW It was really just FTP and and Usenet news There were no search engines

Slide 4 History of the Web In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee created the Web at the Particle Physics Laboratory in Cern Switzerland He established the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994 to foster international standards Today the W3C defines standards for most Web-based protocols

Slide 5 The Web Today Web 2.0 is a group of technologies described by social networking and user collaboration Web 3.0 is a group of future data-driven and semantic concepts These are not specific technologies and you cannot buy them

Slide 6 Internet / Web Standards Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) The Internet Architecture Board (IAB)is a standing committee of the IETF They publish RFCs The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) publishes standards for the Web

Slide 7 Internet Protocols The Internet is built from a “stack” of protocols At the bottom, there is IP (a connectionless unreliable protocol) TCP lives on top of IP (a connected reliable protocol) And all the services we know live on top of TCP / IP

Slide 8 Internet Services FTP – File Transfer Protocol Mail protocols Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Post Office Protocol (POP3) Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol This is how we move Web pages And many more

Slide 9 A Brief History of HTML 1989: Created by Tim Berners-Lee 1994:HTML specification released along with DTD Netscape formed W3C was formed 1995 HTML3 draft (draft expired) Internet Explorer released Cascading Style Sheets

Slide 10 A Brief History of HTML 1997:Html 4.0 Draft 1999:HTML :XHTML 1.1 (XHTML 2.0 died) 2008:HTML5 working draft XHTML5 drafted along side HTML5

Slide 11 Web Markup Languages In the beginning there was the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) It was unruly HTML was created to “markup” Web pages XML was created to represent just about any kind of data XHTML is HTML written in XML HTML 5 is the next generation of HTML We will use HTML 5 in this course They are not all that different

Slide 12 The World Wide Web Consortium The W3C is the standards setting body for various protocols HTTP HTML XML And many more Visit

Slide 13 Web Page Round Trip Client (Request) Server (Receive) Server (Process) Server (Send HTML) Client (Render)

Slide 14 A Word about Web Browsers Everyone has their favorite IE, FireFox, Chrome, … As we begin to program more, we will learn about differences between one browser and the next and the challenges of programming against different browsers Not to mention the mobile world I’ll use Chrome in the course because of its rich HTML debugging capabilities