1. Introduction to Internet & Web1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet & Web Objectives: –To show the developments of Internet and its protocols from a historical perspective –To introduce basic terminology of Internet & Web. Ref.: (http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Inter net/Internet/History/)

2. Introduction to Internet & Web2 ARPAnet Sponsor: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (US) Backbone Network speed: 64Kbits/second Years: 1969 to 1988 Purpose: connection of govt. labs and major research institutes/universities. Major achievements: –TCP/IP, Domain Name Service, e-mail (SMTP), FTP, Telnet, USENET newsgroups, computer-computer communications, etc.

3. Introduction to Internet & Web3 NSFnet Sponsor: National Science Foundation (US) Backbone Network speed: T1 (1.5mb/sec.) to T3 (45mb/sec.) Years: 1984 – 1994 Replaced ARPAnet as the backbone of Internet in 1990 Purpose: connection of five supercomputer centres

4. Introduction to Internet & Web4 Post NSFnet Developments Privately-funded, interconnected backbone networks. Internet2: funded by US universities, a sequel to NSFnet.

5. Introduction to Internet & Web5 CA*net YearSpeedUS Equiv. CA*net1990T1 (?)NSFnet CA*net II1997OC3 (155 Mb/s) Internet2 CA*net III1998OC48 (2.5 Gb/s) Internet2 (Abilene & vBSN projects)

6. Introduction to Internet & Web6 CA*net III Map

7. Introduction to Internet & Web7 Internet Traffic Growth

8. Introduction to Internet & Web8 Local Loop – The Last Mile Telephone –Modem: analog between home and telco –ISDN: digital between home and telco –ADSL: direct (digital) line to telco (broadband) Cable (broadband) Satellite

9. Introduction to Internet & Web9 Internet Access Protocols Command Line: –FTP (1971) Menu-based –gopher (1991) Search engine –WAIS (1991) Hypermedia (hypertext & multimedia) –WWW (1991)

10. Introduction to Internet & Web10 FTP

11. Introduction to Internet & Web11 HTTP/CGI

12. Introduction to Internet & Web12 Browser Developments Browser as part of WWW project: 1991 (restricted to Next computer) Viola: 1992 Midas: 1992 NCSA Mosaic: 1993 –Netscape 1994

13. Introduction to Internet & Web13 Growth of WWW

14. Introduction to Internet & Web14 Web-based Systems HTTP Server: part of WWW project at CERN The dawn of web-based systems: –CGI (Common Gateway Interface): (1991). Browser as application front-end: –Dynamic HTML (client-side script) –Java Applets (1995) –ActiveX controls (1996)

15. Introduction to Internet & Web15 Web-based 3-tier Architecture Presentation layer: Browser Business logic layer: Server and middle- ware Database layer: Database system Protocol between client and server: HTTP

16. Introduction to Internet & Web16

17. Introduction to Internet & Web17 Web-based vs. Non Web-based Systems Browser functionality Limitations of HTML Limitations of HTTP Coverage of targeted user community

18. Introduction to Internet & Web18 Examples of Web Applications E-Commerce –Establishes interactive relationships among prospects, customers, partners, suppliers, and employees. Videoconferencing –Enables real-time communication and collaboration. Online Learning –facilitates life-long learning, anywhere, anytime.

19. Introduction to Internet & Web19 Internet Governance Internet Society: –Non-profit, non-governmental, membership- based, body –Two standards bodies: IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): e.g. internet security standards IAB (Internet Architecture Board): e.g. Internet addresses

20. Introduction to Internet & Web20 Web Governance World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Organizational Hosts: MIT, Keio University (Japan), and INRIA (France) W3C is responsible for web-related protocols (e.g. HTTP, HTML, and XML).