1. Evolution of Internet

2. 1960 – origin of internet-US Department of Defense wanted to create a computer network that could continue to function even in the disaster.
ARPANET – Advance Research Projects Agency Network.
It is used in the US Scientific and academic researchers-fore runner of today’s internet.
1970’s ARPANET helped in the developed new protocol known as TCP / IP – for transmitting data between network. This is core of internet.
1980’s NSF (National Science Foundation) used ARPANET to link its 5 regional super networks, so users share their work.

3. So, NSF is Creating NSFNET
In 1980’s USENET newsgroups & E – mail. Indices such as Archie & WAIS (wide area information server), were created to track of information in the internet.
To give user an easy-to-use interface to work, GOPHER – simple menu driven system for accessing files were created.
In 1991 CERN released world wide web. This team developed the protocol based on hypertext that makes it possible to connect the content on the web with hyperlinks.
In June 1993, there were only 130 websites, but now there are millions.

4. Basic Internet Terms

5. Web browser
Domain name
FTP
HTTP
URL
Website
Webpage
Homepage.
Hyperlink
Blog
Bookmark
ISP
Web server
Cookies
Upload& download
Online & Offline.

6. Web Browser
A web browser can also be defined as an application software or program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet.
Non-graphical a user interface for computers which allows you to read plain text, not pictures, sound, or video, on the Internet.
An example is lynx .(
Graphical a user interface for computers which enables people to see color, graphics, and hear sound and see video, available on Internet sites.
Examples are Firefox and Internet Explorer.

7. WINDOWS INTERNET EXPLORER

8. Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Each web page has a unique address, called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that identifies its location on the Internet.
Web browsers utilize the URL to retrieve a file from the computer on which it resides.
URL consists of six parts: protocol, www, server (or domain), domain type, path and file name.
ftp://

9. Example : http://www.xyz.com/tutor/start/main.html
Protocol : http
World Wide Web : www
Domain Name : xyz
Path : tutor / start /
File Name : main.html

10. FTP
File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

11. HTTP- The hypertext transfer protocol
It enables html documents to be read on the Internet.

12. Domain Name
A method of identifying computer addresses. Your address has a domain address.
Examples:
.com - Commercial and for profit organizations.
.edu - Colleges and universities
.gov - Federal government agencies.
.Mil - US military sites.
.net - Internet infrastructure and service providers.
.org - Miscellaneous and non– profit organizations.

13. Web page
World Wide Web consists of files, called pages or web pages, which contain information and links to resources throughout the Internet.
A web page is an electronic document written in a computer language called HTML.

15. Website
A website is a related web page, published by an organization or individual.
Web site contains a home page along with other additional web pages.
Each website is owned and updated by an individual, company or organization.

17. Home page
A home page is the starting point or a doorway to the website. Like the table of contents of a book, the home page usually provides an overview of what could be found at the website

19. Hypertext
Hypertext refers to the text or image that connects to other documents. These texts or images are known as hypertext link, hyperlink, hotlink or simply links.
A hyperlink is used to “jump” to another part of the same page or to load different web pages.
Hypertext is a method of instant cross – referencing.
It is used for organizing information and to link related documents together using words and graphics (also known as image maps.)

21. Blog A blog is information that is instantly published to a Web site.
Blog scripting allows someone to automatically post information to a Web site. The information first goes to a blogger Web site. Then the information is automatically inserted into a template tailored for your Web site.

23. Bookmark
It is a way of storing your favorite sites on the Internet. Browsers like Netscape or Internet Explorer let you to categorize your bookmarks into folders.

25. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
An ISP is a company that provides access to the internet to individuals or companies.
For a monthly fee, the ISP provides the user software package, username, password, and access phone number('s). Equipped with a modem, the user can then log on to the Internet and browse the web.

27. Web Server
A server is a computer equipped with server software, which provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers
The term can refer to a particular piece of software, for example, a web server, or to the machine on which the software is running.
A web server is a computer that answers requests from user’s computers.
It serves images and static content, such as web pages, to fill the client’s requests.
Web servers can run on any hardware platform and operating system and store documents in HTML.

29. Cookie
Information (in this case URLs, Web addresses) created by a Web server are stored on a user’s computer.
This information lets Web sites the user visits to keep of a user’s browsing patterns and preferences.
People can set up their browsers to accept or not accept cookies.

31. Download and Upload
Download means download the file or image from remote system to another system.
Upload means file or image one system to remote system.

32. Online and Offline
Online means Connected to World Wide Web via Internet.
Offline means disconnected from world wide web.