Arbitrary Parameter Extraction, Stationary Phase Migration, and Tomographic Velocity Analysis Jing Chen University of Utah.

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Presentation transcript:

Arbitrary Parameter Extraction, Stationary Phase Migration, and Tomographic Velocity Analysis Jing Chen University of Utah

Outline Parameter Extraction Parameter Extraction Stationary Phase Migration Stationary Phase Migration Tomographic Velocity Analysis Tomographic Velocity Analysis Conclusions Conclusions

Parameter Extraction Extract specular-ray related parameters from prestack migration SG R

Why Specular-Ray Parameters Needed ? Prestack Depth Migration Prestack Depth Migration Traveltime Inversion Traveltime Inversion Tomographic MVA Tomographic MVA AVO AVO Etc... Etc...

Prestack Migration Operator ImageWeightDataAperture

Stationary Phase Approximation

Weighted Prestack Migration Operator ImageWeightDataAperture Parameter

Stationary Phase Approximation

Specular-Ray Related Parameters

R Source Receiver Midpoint Traveltime Reflector Normal Departure Angle Emergence Angle Incidence Angle

Parameter Extraction Synthetic Data Examples: Migrate a COG; Migrate a COG; Extract Midpoint Coordinates, Extract Midpoint Coordinates, Traveltimes, and Incidence Angles. Traveltimes, and Incidence Angles.

Kirchhoff Migration of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km)

Weighted Kirchhoff Migration of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km) Extra Weight

Division of Two COG Images =

COG Incidence Angles (Degrees ) Distance (km) Depth (km)

COG Incidence Angles Distance (km) Depth (km) (Degrees )

COG Traveltimes (Seconds) Distance (km) Depth (km)

COG Traveltimes Distance (km) Depth (km) (Seconds)

COG S-R Midpoint Coordinates 0 20 (km) Distance (km) Depth (km)

COG S-R Midpoint Coordinates 0 20 Distance (km) Depth (km) (km)

Verification of Extracted Parameters Distance (km) Depth (km)

COG S-R Midpoint Coordinates 0 20 Distance (km) Depth (km) (km)

COG Traveltimes Distance (km) Depth (km) (Seconds)

Verification of Extracted Parameters Trace Midpoint Coordinates Time (sec) Trvaeltimes Extracted

Applications Stationary Phase Migration Stationary Phase Migration Tomographic Velocity Analysis Tomographic Velocity Analysis

Stationary Phase Migration Migrate traces within Fresnel zone Migrate traces within Fresnel zone Reject traces out of Fresnel zone Reject traces out of Fresnel zone Suppress alias artifacts Suppress alias artifacts SPM uses specular-ray parameters to :

Stationary Phase Migration Algorithm Algorithm Synthetic Data Example Synthetic Data Example Field Data Example Field Data Example

Stationary Phase Migration Operator Minimum Aperture Fresnel zone width Stationary phase point Fresnel Zone Schleicher et al. (1997) :

Stationary Phase Migration Algorithm Algorithm Synthetic Data Example Synthetic Data Example Field Data Example Field Data Example

Kirchhoff Migration of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stationary Phase Mig. of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km)

Migration Operator Trace Contributions

Trace Contributions : KM Trace Number Depth (km)

Trace Contributions : SPM Trace Number Depth (km)

Trace Contributions : KM Trace Number Depth (km)

Trace Contributions : SPM Trace Number Depth (km)

Trace Contributions : KM Trace Number Depth (km)

Trace Contributions : SPM Trace Number Depth (km)

(Deg ) Offset (km) Depth (km) CIG Offset (km) Depth (km) Incidence Angle

(Deg ) Offset (km) Depth (km) CIG Offset (km) Depth (km) Incidence Angle

Stacked SPM Image After Muting Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stacked SPM Image Without Muting Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stationary Phase Migration Algorithm Algorithm Synthetic Data Example Synthetic Data Example Field Data Example Field Data Example

Kirchhoff Migration of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stationary Phase Mig. of a COG Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stacked KM Image Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stacked SPM Image Distance (km) Depth (km)

Stationary Phase Mig. vs Wavepath Mig. SG Both approaches suppress alias artifacts Both approaches suppress alias artifacts WM measures emergence angles in the data domain WM measures emergence angles in the data domain SPM extracts parameters in the migration domain SPM extracts parameters in the migration domain SPM extracts more parameters SPM extracts more parameters WM is faster WM is faster SPM may be more robust in parameter estimations SPM may be more robust in parameter estimations

Applications Stationary Phase Migration Stationary Phase Migration Tomographic Velocity Analysis Tomographic Velocity Analysis

Build up Initial Migration Velocity Build up Initial Migration Velocity Migrate Seismic Data Migrate Seismic Data Obtain S & R Coordinates Obtain S & R Coordinates Find Specular-Ray Paths Find Specular-Ray Paths Pick Depth Residual Moveouts Pick Depth Residual Moveouts Pick Reflector Positions Pick Reflector Positions Update Velocities Update Velocities Migrate Seismic Data With Migrate Seismic Data With Updated Velocities Updated Velocities Repeat Above Steps Repeat Above Steps Steps in Tomographic MVA

Layer-Stripping Iteration Layer-Stripping Iteration Partial Migration Iteration Partial Migration Iteration Reflector Adjustment Iteration Reflector Adjustment Iteration SIRT Iteration SIRT Iteration Four Recursive Iterations

Seismic Data Initial Migration Velocities Kirchhoff Migration + Stationary Phase CIGs Source Xs( Xi,h ) Receiver Xr( Xi,h ) ZO Image Auto Scan Residual Moveouts DZ( Xi,h ) Reflector Positions Xi Xi Preparing Input For Velocity Update Xi DZ( Xi,h ) Xs( Xi,0 ) Xr( Xi,0 ) Xs( Xi,h ) Xr( Xi,h )

Velocity Updating Scheme DZ --> DT 2 Pt. Ray Tracing Initial Mig. Velocity Back Projection: SIRT DT --> DS New Slowness : S=S+DS New DT Misfit Func. Decrease? YesNo SIRT Iteration Adjust Reflector Depths New DZ DZ --> DT Misfit Func. Decrease? STOP No Yes ReflectorAdjustmentIteration

Initial Migration Velocity (ft/sec) Distance (km) Depth (km)

Image With Initial Velocity Distance (km) Depth (km)

Peak-Amplitude Positions Distance (km) Depth (km)

Reflectors Picked Distance (km) Depth (km)

Reflectors Picked Distance (km) Depth (km)

Depth Residuals Picked Horizontal Coordinates Along Reflector (km) Depth Residual Moveouts (m)

Depth Residuals Picked After Median Filtering and Muting Horizontal Coordinates Along Reflector (km) Depth Residual Moveouts (m)

Raypaths Distance (km) Depth (km)

Raypaths Distance (km) Depth (km)

Misfit Function vs Iteration No. SIRT Iterations Reflector Adjustment Iterations Misfit Function Iteration Number

Velocity Increment (ft/sec) Distance (km) Depth (km)

Image With Updated Velocity Distance (km) Depth (km)

Image With Initial Velocity Distance (km) Depth (km)

Common Image Gathers Depth (km) With Initial Velocity

Common Image Gathers Depth (km) With Updated Velocity

Conclusions Specular-ray related parameters can be accurately estimated from presatck migration Specular-ray related parameters can be accurately estimated from presatck migration SPM produces fewer alias artifacts and improves horizon continuity SPM produces fewer alias artifacts and improves horizon continuity Automatic tomographic velocity analysis is able to update the migration velocity Automatic tomographic velocity analysis is able to update the migration velocity

Acknowledgements I thank the 1999 UTAM sponsors for their supports I thank the 1999 UTAM sponsors for their supports I thank Fuhao Qin, Yonghe Sun and JC Wan of Hess for their helps I thank Fuhao Qin, Yonghe Sun and JC Wan of Hess for their helps