Produción y mercados internaciónal de Tilapia Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona American Tilapia Association Guadalajara, Jalisco, MEXICO Mar 20, 2003

Introduction F Review worldwide tilapia trade F Suppliers and consumers in the Americas F Mexico production F Opportunities to expand markets

Tilapia trade F Second in volume to the carps F Prediction: Tilapia will become most important aquaculture crop in this century F More genetic potential F Greatest variety of production systems

Established market demand F Accepted in many national dishes F Popular in many forms (live, whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi, fried skins)

International Research ISTA (next in Manila, Philippines, Sept 2004) F International Symposia on Tilapia in Aquaculture

Genetic improvements in tilapia (From: Mair, G., 2002)

Major Tilapia Producers (for year 2002) F China - 629,182 metric tons / year F Mexico - 102,000 mt / year F Thailand - 100,000 mt / year F Philippines - 92,284 mt / year F Taiwan Province - 85,000 mt / year F Brazil - 65,000 mt / year F Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year

Tilapia production in the Americas

Production of Tilapia in the Americas 2002 (by volume)

US Tilapia consumption (Jan-Nov) (117,842 mt of live weight)

US. Tilapia imports

$ 174,215,165 ( 2002)

Typical prices for Tilapia products sold in the U.S. (Feb )

Mexico - 102,000 mt Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas

Tilapia production in Mexico F Production in most states of Mexico F Most production in southern states F Intensive in north, lake ranching in south F Repopulation of reservoirs F Problem with UN-FAO definition of aquaculture (no clear ownership) F Tilapia-shrimp polyculture in seawater (UJAT y CIAD)

Markets in Mexico F Strong domestic markets; on ice, fillets in grocery stores F All domestic consumption - Will eventually develop export markets. Raceway system, Tamaulipas

Brazil - 65,000 mt

Tilapia production & Markets in Brasil F Production in Southeast and Northeast F Red tilapia in Southeast for fee-fishing and food F Cage farms allowed in NE reservoirs. F Tilapia leather industry F Jump in interest with ISTA 5 in Rio. F Developing export markets.

Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot and other shrimp diseases F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Benefits to shrimp culture with polyculture

Tilapia production in Ecuador and shrimp viral infections IHHN Taura White Spot

Red strains of tilapia most popular for brackish polyculture systems

Tilapia production in outside ponds with shrimp in covered ponds

Costa Rica - 15,000 mt Acuacorporacion ponds in Cañas, Costa Rica

Jamaica - 5,200 mt Tilapia production

USA 9,000 mt F Production in many states F Mostly intensive systems, many recirculating F Sales to ethnic markets as live fish, high value

USA - Intensive tanks Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California

USA - Ponds and cages

Raceway Systems Intensive raceways Extensive raceways

Pond culture to cotton irrigation

Intensive farms in New York and Iowa

Intensive farms in Illinois & Louisiana

Expanding markets F Quality control and assurance F Advertising F Product placement F Endorsements F New recipes and product forms

Quality control and assurance F National standards F HACCP (Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points) F Industry standards F Buyer standards F Other (NGO’s)

Advertising

Direct retail sales

Product placement F “Saving Faith” F Murder mystery F Detective fixes elegant tilapia dinner to seduce the beautiful blonde.

F Dear Kevin, F I recently began using Tilapia fillets farm raised by Sea Best and distributed by Beaver Street Fisheries, Inc. I buy these in individual vacuum sealed packages in one pound bags at Wal-Mart in San Marcos, Texas. My husband has diabetes and we both are very weight conscious. This fish is the perfect food item for us, I love the way it is packaged, just use what I need for one meal, it is reasonably priced, always available in the market and consistently high quality. I trust you will forward these comments to the producer. F I LOVE THE PRODUCT!!!! F Marian Birnie Aug. 12, 2001

New recipes

Sashimi

Fried tilapia skins

International/US Supply and Demand TRENDS F Supply of fillets primarily from China, Southeast Asia, Ecuador and Central America. F Demand for live fish needs to expand beyond Asian markets F With rapid increases in supply, demand must increase at least as fast to support price.

Major Tilapia Producers in International Trade F China - whole frozen, IQF fillets F Ecuador - fresh fillets F Taiwan Prov. - whole, IQF, sashimi F Central America - fresh fillets F Indonesia - IQF fillets F Thailand - IQF fillets

Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.

Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods

Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems

Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas

Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas

Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas (already practiced in Thailand, Philippines, Mexico, US, Ecuador, Peru, Eritrea)

Tilapia - shrimp polyculture

Floating cage Hapa (net pen)

Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods F World tilapia production will reach 1,500,000 mt in 2003 and 2,000,000 mt by 2010

Mil gracias F ¿Preguntas?

Carbon monoxide F Most plants appear to use carbon monoxide F Some gas in chambers others infuse in bags before freezing

Estimated cost of production F China - $0.70/kg F Philippines, Indonesia - $0.80/kg F Brazil, Ecuador, Thailand - $0.85/kg F Honduras, Costa Rica - $0.90/kg F Mexico - $1.00/kg F Taiwan Province - $1.05/kg F US - $2.00/kg F Canada - $2.10/kg