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US & International Trade in Tilapia products: 2003 and Beyond Kevin Fitzsimmons University of Arizona American Tilapia Association International West Coast Seafood Show Los Angeles, CA November 4, 2002
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Introduction F Review worldwide tilapia production F Examine production costs F Examine current tilapia markets F Discuss problems of supply and demand F Opportunities to expand production F Opportunities to expand markets
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Production widely distributed around the world. F Tilapia production in 100+ countries. F China is world’s largest producer. F Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Latin America, Middle East significant producers F Germany, Belgium, Spain, Canada, Korea, Japan, most states in US F Total production of 1,344,000 mt in 2001
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Tilapia widely popular around the world. F Used in many cuisine, hundreds of recipes F Tilapia, boulti, lou fei, pla nil, mojara, St. Peters fish, freshwater and/or red snapper
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Established market demand F Accepted in many national dishes F Popular in many forms (live, whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked, sashimi, fried skins)
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Problem areas in tilapia production F Low fillet recovery rate F Slow growing females F Off-flavors
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Advances and Solutions: Low fillet recovery rate F Selective breeding programs F Transgenics - Growth hormones F Growth enhancers - Bovine Somatotropins F Better processing equipment
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Advances and Solutions: Slow growing females F Methyltestosterone for sex-reversal F Genetically male tilapia F All male hybrids F High density culture F O. niloticus with larger females
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Advances and Solutions: Off-flavors F Depuration systems F Control of blue-green algae F Production in systems with limited access to benthic algae
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Major Tilapia Producers (for year 2000) F China - 629,182 metric tons / year F Mexico - 102,000 mt / year F Thailand - 100,000 mt / year F Philippines - 92,284 mt / year F Taiwan Province - 85,000 mt / year F Indonesia - 50,000 mt / year F Brazil - 55,000 mt / year
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Basic Chinese model F Government organized or approved hatcheries F Small to medium size farms, extension support from state hatcheries F Tilapia fed pelleted feeds F Many fish sold live to local restaurants F Large scale processing plants F International trade is mostly frozen products (fillets and whole)
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Typical Chinese Farms F 0.2 to 1.0 hectare ponds F Often polyculture with other fish F Sometimes have single aerator F Family operated F Sell to harvester
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Carbon monoxide F Most plants appear to use carbon monoxide F Some gas in chambers others infuse in bags before freezing
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Bagging individual fillets
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IQF Fillets
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Boxed with retailer labels F US and European markets F Boxed with frozen fillets or whole fish
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Many different labels F Tilapia from China is arriving in US and EU with many different labels and packages
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Marketing in China F Most fish sold locally to restaurants F Just beginning advertising F Suggest product placement, inclusion in government food programs, value added for domestic markets
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Chinese markets and recipes F Market in China is still limited - less than 2 kg per capita F Need to develop additional recipes F Improve overall recognition of tilapia as premium fish F More red strains, seawater culture
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Thailand - 100,000 mt F Many small producers F Mostly pond production F Fertilized and pellet fed F Some vertically integrated growers developing F C.P. Group developing contract grower network F C.P. pushing “Top Tim” brand of red tilapia
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Philippines - 95,000 mt
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Cages in Irrigation Reservoirs 100 m 2 cages in Philippines
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Tilapia - shrimp polyculture
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Direct retail sales
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Philippines - Strong domestic demand F Early introduction of tilapia F Center of research and development F Developed tilapia-shrimp polyculture system
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Mexico - 102,000 mt Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas
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Tilapia production in Mexico F Production in most states of Mexico F Most production in southern states F Intensive in north, lake ranching in south F Repopulation of reservoirs F Problem with FAO definition of aquaculture F Tilapia-shrimp polyculture in seawater
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Markets in Mexico F Strong domestic markets; on ice, fillets in grocery stores F All domestic consumption - Will eventually develop export markets. Raceway system
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Brazil - 65,000 mt
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Tilapia production & Markets in Brasil F Production in Southeast and Northeast F Red tilapia in Southeast for fee-fishing and food F Cage farms allowed in NE reservoirs. F Tilapia leather industry F Jump in interest with ISTA 5 in Rio. F Developing export markets.
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Egypt - 53,000 mt 10 m 2 cages near Alexandria
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Egypt and other Middle East F Egypt - Production in cages, polyculture ponds and rice paddies. F Israel - Intensive, center of research and technology transfer F Saudi Arabia - Intensive with crop irrigation F Jordan - Intensive
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Ecuador - 25,000 mt
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Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot and other shrimp diseases F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Benefits to shrimp culture with polyculture
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Costa Rica - 15,000 mt Acuacorporacion ponds in Cañas, Costa Rica
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Jamaica - 5,200 mt Tilapia production 1980-2001
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Aquaculture Jamaica Limited - Barton Isle Farm
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USA - 9,200 mt F Production in many states F Mostly intensive systems, many recirculating F Sales to ethnic markets as live fish, high value
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Tilapia Production in the US = Live Sales
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USA - Ponds and cages
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Raceway Systems Intensive raceways Extensive raceways
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Intensive tanks Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California
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Intensive farms in New York and Iowa, USA
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Intensive farm in Iowa, USA
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US Tilapia consumption - 2001 (104,626 mt of live weight)
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US. Tilapia imports 1993-2001
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$127,796,540
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Typical prices for Tilapia products sold in the U.S. (Sept. 2002.)
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International Supply and Demand F Supply primarily from China, Southeast Asia, Ecuador and Central America. F Demand is in producer countries and US, and increasingly EU F With rapid increases in supply, demand must increase at least as fast to support price.
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Major Tilapia Producers in International Trade F China - whole frozen, IQF fillets F Ecuador - fresh fillets F Taiwan Prov. - whole, IQF, sashimi F Central America - fresh fillets F Indonesia - IQF fillets F Thailand - IQF fillets
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Estimated cost of production F China - $0.70/kg F Philippines, Indonesia - $0.80/kg F Brazil, Ecuador, Thailand - $0.85/kg F Honduras, Costa Rica - $0.90/kg F Mexico - $1.00/kg F Taiwan Province - $1.05/kg F US - $2.00/kg F Canada - $2.10/kg
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Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.
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Current International Market Trends F China will remain the world’s largest producer and consumer. F US and EU growers will focus on live sales and highly processed forms F Asia and Latin America and will be primary US suppliers F Latin America, Caribbean and Africa will supply EU
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International marketing F World market is huge F Need to invest in market development (as we are doing today) F Pay for generic marketing
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Packaging and Delivery
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Red strains of tilapia
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New recipes
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Sashimi
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Fried tilapia skins
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www.tilapia.org
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F Dear Kevin, F I recently began using Tilapia fillets farm raised by Sea Best and distributed by Beaver Street Fisheries, Inc. I buy these in individual vacuum sealed packages in one pound bags at Wal-Mart in San Marcos, Texas. My husband has diabetes and we both are very weight conscious. This fish is the perfect food item for us, I love the way it is packaged, just use what I need for one meal, it is reasonably priced, always available in the market and consistently high quality. I trust you will forward these comments to the producer. F I LOVE THE PRODUCT!!!! F Marian Birnie Aug. 12, 2001
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas
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Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas
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Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas (already practiced in Thailand, Philippines, Mexico, US, Ecuador, Peru, Eritrea)
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Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods
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Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods F World tilapia production will reach 1,400,000 mt in 2002 and 2,000,000 mt by 2010
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Conclusions - Marketing tilapia F Increasing demand / markets should begin in producing country F Opening new markets will be required in China, Philippines, Japan, Korea and US F Many techniques can be used to build markets F Many are free or low cost (product placement, samples, live tanks, Web sites) F Most effective forms require investment
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Thanks to: F Mr. Howard Johnson F West Coast Seafood Show F Questions ???
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